Eyes

Question 1

what is Adie pupil

Answer 1

sluggish pupillary reaction to light that is UNILATERAL, and caused by a parasympathetic lesion of CN3. Sometimes absent DTR’s, may also sweat excessively on one side

Question 2

Anisocoria

Answer 2

unequal pupil size

Question 3

Argyll Robertson is

Answer 3

bilaterally small and irregular pupils that accommodate but DO NOT react to light. Seen in patients with syphilis

Question 4

Arroyo sign

Answer 4

sluggish pupillary reaction due to hypo-adrenalism aka

Addison’s Disease

Question 5

Blepharitis is

Answer 5

inflammation of the eyelid seen with seborrhea, staph infection, and inflammatory processes

Question 6

Cataracts are

Answer 6

opacities seen in the lens that are commonly seen with diabetes and in the elderly. Patients have a ABSENT red light reflex

Question 7

What is a Chalazion

Answer 7

an infection of the meibomian gland causing a nodule which points INSIDE the eyelid

Question 8

What does pink conjunctiva mean

Answer 8

normal

Question 9

what does pale conjunctiva mean

Answer 9

Anemia

Question 10

what does bright red conjunctiva mean

Answer 10

infection

Question 11

Corneal Arcus is

Answer 11

grayish opaque ring around the cornea

Question 12

What does Diabetic Retinopathy do to the eyes

Answer 12

affects veins more than arteries and presents with micro aneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization

Question 13

What is Ectropion

Answer 13

lid is turned outward MC in elderly

Question 14

What is Entropion

Answer 14

Lid turned inward, MC in elderly

Question 15

Exophthalamosis is

Answer 15

lid lag/failure to cover the eyeball

Question 16

What type of disease can an exopthalamosis be seen with

Answer 16

Graves disease if (bilateral) or if there is a tumor (unilateral)

Question 17

Glaucoma is

Answer 17

increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc.

Question 18

What is the cup to disc ratio in a patient with glaucoma

Answer 18

> 1:2

Question 19

How will a patient present with Glaucoma

Answer 19

blurring of their vision especially in the peripheral fields, as well as rings around lights. Crescent sign will be present upon tangential lighting of cornea

Question 20

What is a Hordoleum

Answer 20

aka sty, infection of sebaceous glands causing a pimple or a boil on the eyelid

Question 21

Whats Horner’s syndrome

Answer 21

ptosis(drooping of eyelid), miosis(excessive constriction of pupil), and anhydrous(dry eye) on the same side of the cervical sympathetics

Question 22

What are indications of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 22

copperwire deformity
silverwire deformity
A-V nicking
Flame hemorrhages
cotton wool soft exudates

Question 23

What disease of the eye is associated with MS

Answer 23

Internal Ophthalmoplegia

Question 24

What is internal ophthalmoplegia

Answer 24

dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation. DOESN”T react to light or accommodation, seen in patients with MS

Question 25

Uveitis/Iritis is

Answer 25

inflammation of the iris

Question 26

Uveitis/Iritis is associated with what disease

Answer 26

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 27

What is the MC reason for blindness in the elderly

Answer 27

macular degeneration

Question 28

Macular Drusen is

Answer 28

yellow deposits under the retina

Question 29

Is macular degeneration loss of peripheral or central vision?

Answer 29

CENTRAL VISION

Question 30

Miosis is seen in patients who have

Answer 30

severe brain damage, pilocarpine medications, and narcotic use

Question 31

What is Miosis

Answer 31

fixed and constricted pupils that react to light and accommodate

Question 32

Mydriasis is

Answer 32

dilated and fixed pupils seen with anticholinergic drugs

Question 33

Papilledema is

Answer 33

swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure

Question 34

Does papilledema result in vision loss

Answer 34

NO, only visual loss with optic neuritis

Question 35

What patient presentation would have papilledema

Answer 35

brain tumor or brain hemorrhage

Question 36

Pinquecula is

Answer 36

yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva that is HARMLESS and indicates aging

Question 37

Pterygium is

Answer 37

triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea and is brought on by dry eyes AKA Surfer's Eye

Question 38

Ptosis is

Answer 38

drooping of the eyelid

Question 39

What conditions can present with Ptosis

Answer 39

Horner's, CN3 paralysis, Myasthenia Gravis, MS

Question 40

Painless sudden onset of blindness indicates

Answer 40

Retinal detachment

Question 41

Curtains closing over vision, lightning flashes and floaters are indications of a possible

Answer 41

Retinal detachment

Question 42

A yellow sclera indicates

Answer 42

jaundice

Question 43

A blue sclera indicates

Answer 43

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 44

Xantheslasma is

Answer 44

fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that may be normal or indicate HYPERcholeserolemia

Question 45

Myopia is

Answer 45

nearsighted

Question 46

Hyperopia

Answer 46

farsighted

Question 47

Presbyopia

Answer 47

loss of lens elasticity due to aging

Question 48

Direct light reflex tests

Answer 48

CN 2,3

Question 49

Consensual Light reflex tests

Answer 49

CN 2,3

Question 50

Swinging Light tests

Answer 50

CN 2,3 and eye pathology

Question 51

Accommodation tests

Answer 51

CN 2,3

Question 52

Cardinal fields of gaze tests

Answer 52

CN 3,4,6

Question 53

Corneal arcus is caused by

Answer 53

Hypercholesterolemia