Eyes Flashcards
what is Adie pupil
sluggish pupillary reaction to light that is UNILATERAL, and caused by a parasympathetic lesion of CN3. Sometimes absent DTR’s, may also sweat excessively on one side
Anisocoria
unequal pupil size
Argyll Robertson is
bilaterally small and irregular pupils that accommodate but DO NOT react to light. Seen in patients with syphilis
Arroyo sign
sluggish pupillary reaction due to hypo-adrenalism aka
Addison’s Disease
Blepharitis is
inflammation of the eyelid seen with seborrhea, staph infection, and inflammatory processes
Cataracts are
opacities seen in the lens that are commonly seen with diabetes and in the elderly. Patients have a ABSENT red light reflex
What is a Chalazion
an infection of the meibomian gland causing a nodule which points INSIDE the eyelid
What does pink conjunctiva mean
normal
what does pale conjunctiva mean
Anemia
what does bright red conjunctiva mean
infection
Corneal Arcus is
grayish opaque ring around the cornea
What does Diabetic Retinopathy do to the eyes
affects veins more than arteries and presents with micro aneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization
What is Ectropion
lid is turned outward MC in elderly
What is Entropion
Lid turned inward, MC in elderly
Exophthalamosis is
lid lag/failure to cover the eyeball
What type of disease can an exopthalamosis be seen with
Graves disease if (bilateral) or if there is a tumor (unilateral)
Glaucoma is
increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc.
What is the cup to disc ratio in a patient with glaucoma
> 1:2
How will a patient present with Glaucoma
blurring of their vision especially in the peripheral fields, as well as rings around lights. Crescent sign will be present upon tangential lighting of cornea
What is a Hordoleum
aka sty, infection of sebaceous glands causing a pimple or a boil on the eyelid
Whats Horner’s syndrome
ptosis(drooping of eyelid), miosis(excessive constriction of pupil), and anhydrous(dry eye) on the same side of the cervical sympathetics
What are indications of hypertensive retinopathy
copperwire deformity silverwire deformity A-V nicking Flame hemorrhages cotton wool soft exudates
What disease of the eye is associated with MS
Internal Ophthalmoplegia
What is internal ophthalmoplegia
dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation. DOESN”T react to light or accommodation, seen in patients with MS
Uveitis/Iritis is
inflammation of the iris
Uveitis/Iritis is associated with what disease
Ankylosing Spondylitis
What is the MC reason for blindness in the elderly
macular degeneration
Macular Drusen is
yellow deposits under the retina
Is macular degeneration loss of peripheral or central vision?
CENTRAL VISION
Miosis is seen in patients who have
severe brain damage, pilocarpine medications, and narcotic use
What is Miosis
fixed and constricted pupils that react to light and accommodate
Mydriasis is
dilated and fixed pupils seen with anticholinergic drugs
Papilledema is
swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure
Does papilledema result in vision loss
NO, only visual loss with optic neuritis
What patient presentation would have papilledema
brain tumor or brain hemorrhage
Pinquecula is
yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva that is HARMLESS and indicates aging
Pterygium is
triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea and is brought on by dry eyes
AKA Surfer’s Eye
Ptosis is
drooping of the eyelid
What conditions can present with Ptosis
Horner’s, CN3 paralysis, Myasthenia Gravis, MS
Painless sudden onset of blindness indicates
Retinal detachment
Curtains closing over vision, lightning flashes and floaters are indications of a possible
Retinal detachment
A yellow sclera indicates
jaundice
A blue sclera indicates
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Xantheslasma is
fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that may be normal or indicate HYPERcholeserolemia
Myopia is
nearsighted
Hyperopia
farsighted
Presbyopia
loss of lens elasticity due to aging
Direct light reflex tests
CN 2,3
Consensual Light reflex tests
CN 2,3
Swinging Light tests
CN 2,3 and eye pathology
Accommodation tests
CN 2,3
Cardinal fields of gaze tests
CN 3,4,6
Corneal arcus is caused by
Hypercholesterolemia
