thorax

Question 1

(difficulty breathing)

Answer 1

dyspnea

Question 2

may describe their dyspnea as not being
able to “breathe or take a deep breath.”

Answer 2

Clients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 3

continuous coughing

Answer 3

smokers cough

Question 4

are wheezing, frequent cough with or without mucous, shortness of breath, and chest tightness

Answer 4

asthma

Question 5

(difficulty breathing when lying supine)

Answer 5

orthopnea

Question 6

(severe dyspnea that awakens the person from sleep)

Answer 6

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 7

(periods of breathing cessation during sleep)

Answer 7

sleep apnea

Question 8

reduces the heart muscle’s ability to pump blood.

Answer 8

myocardial ischemia/ cardiac ischemia

Question 9

a condition in which the pleura — two large, thin layers of tissue that separate your lungs from your chest wall — becomes inflamed.

Answer 9

Pleuritis also known as pleurisy

Question 10

this color of sputum is is often seen with common colds, viral infections, or bronchitis.

Answer 10

White or mucoid sputum

Question 11

this sputum is often associated with bacterial infections

Answer 11

yellow or green

Question 12

this sputum is seen with more serious respiratory conditions

Answer 12

blood in the sputum

Question 13

sputum that is associated with tuberculosis or pneumococcal pneumonia

Answer 13

Rust colored

Question 14

may be indicative of pulmonary edema.

Answer 14

Pink, frothy sputum

Question 15

indicates narrowing of the airways due to spasm or obstruction.

Answer 15

Wheezing

Question 16

caused by the reproductive cells (spores) of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

Answer 16

Histoplasmosis

Question 17

is seen with labored respirations (especially in small children) and is indicative of hypoxia

Answer 17

nasal flaring

Question 18

low levels of oxygen in your body tissues. It causes symptoms like confusion, restlessness, difficulty breathing, rapid heart rate, and bluish skin.

Answer 18

hypoxia

Question 19

is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. ne of the diseases that comprises COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Answer 19

emphysema

Question 20

may be seen with clients with CODPD or CHF as a result of polycythemia

Answer 20

ruddy to purple complexion

Question 21

may be seen if client is cold of hypoxic

Answer 21

cyanosis

Question 22

pale or cyanotic nails may indicate

Answer 22

hypoxia

Question 23

Early clubbing

Answer 23

180 degree angle

Question 24

late clubbing

Answer 24

greater than 180 degree

Question 25

The ratio of anteroposterior to transverse diameter

Answer 25

1:2

Question 26

Ribs appearing horizontal at an angle greater than 45 degrees with the spinal column are frequently the result of an increased ratio between the anteroposterior–transverse diameter

Answer 26

(barrel chest)

Question 27

(an increased curve of the thoracic spine)

Answer 27

kyphosis

Question 28

client leans forward and uses arms to support weight and lift chest to increase breathing capacity, referred to as the

Answer 28

tripod position

Question 29

Pain over the intercoastal space

Answer 29

inflamed pleurae

Question 30

pain over the ribs especially at costal chondral junctions

Answer 30

fractured ribs

Question 31

also called subcutaneous emphysema, is a crackling sensation (like bones or hairs rubbing against each other) that occurs when air passes through fluid or exudate

Answer 31

crepitus

Question 32

(vibrations of air in the bronchial tubes transmitted to the chest wall). As you move your hand to each area, ask the client to say “ninety-nine.” Assess all areas for symmetry and intensity of vibration.

Answer 32

palpate for fremitus

Question 33

is best for assessing tactile fremitus because the area is especially sensitive to vibratory sensation

Answer 33

ball of the hand

Question 34

what is the normal measurement of examiners thumb during chest expansion exam?

Answer 34

5-10 cm

Question 35

(collapse or incomplete expansion) of the chest or lungs

Answer 35

atelectasis

Question 36

air in the pleural space

Answer 36

pneumothorax

Question 37

is the percussion tone elicited over normal lung tissue

Answer 37

resonance

Question 38

tones over the scapula

Answer 38

flat tones

Question 39

is elicited in cases of trapped air such as in emphysema or pneumothorax.

Answer 39

hyperresonance

Question 40

how do you perform diaphragmatic excursion?

Answer 40

It is performed by asking the patient to exhale and hold it. The doctor then percusses down their back in the intercostal margins t7 (bone will be dull), starting below the scapula, until sounds change from resonant to dull (lungs are resonant, solid organs should be dull). That is where the provider marks the spot.

Question 41

measurement of excursion

Answer 41

Excursion should be equal bilaterally and measure 3–5 cm in adults. 7-8 in well conditioned patients

Question 42

present when fluid or solid tissue replaces air in the lung occupies the pleural space, such as in lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, or tumor.

Answer 42

dullness

Question 43

Three types of normal breath sounds may be auscultated

Answer 43

bronchial, bronchovesicular, and vesicular

Question 44

(formerly called rales)

Answer 44

crackles

Question 45

formerly called rhonchi)

Answer 45

wheezes

Question 46

how do you assess bronchophony?

Answer 46

Ask the client to repeat the phrase “ninety-nine” while you auscultate the chest wall.

Question 47

assess egophony

Answer 47

: Ask the client to repeat the letter “E” while you listen over the chest wall.

Question 48

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 48

Ask the client to whisper the phrase “one–two–three” while you auscultate the chest wall.

Question 49

is a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilages (often referred to as funnel chest). It is a congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self-consciousness.

Answer 49

Pectus excavatum

Question 50

is a forward protrusion of the sternum causing the adjacent ribs to slope backward (often referred to as pigeon chest;

Answer 50

pectus carinatum

Question 51

what do you normally hear in liver?

Answer 51

dullness

Question 52

what do you hear in stomach

Answer 52

tympany

Question 53

what do you hear in the ICS

Answer 53

resonance

Question 54

high, harsh or hollow sound, loud, short during inspiration long in expiration, usually in trachea and thorax

Answer 54

bronchial

Question 55

Moderate Mixed, Same during inspiration and expiration.Over the major bronchi—posterior: between the scapulae; anterior: around the upper sternum in the first and second intercostal spaces

Answer 55

Bronchovesicular

Question 56

low, breezy, soft long isnpiration, short expiration in peripheral lung fields

Answer 56

vesicular

Question 57

High-pitched, short, popping sounds heard during inspiration and not cleared with coughing; sounds are discontinuous and can be simulated by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear

Answer 57

fine crackles

Question 58

Low-pitched, bubbling, moist sounds that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration; also described as softly separating Velcro.

Answer 58

coarse crackles

Question 59

Low-pitched, dry, grating sound; sound is much like crackles, only more superficial and occurring during both inspiration and expiration. Sound is the result of rubbing of two inflamed pleural surfaces.

Answer 59

pleural friction rub

Question 60

High-pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard on inspiration. Air passes through constricted passages (caused by swelling, secretions, or tumor).

Answer 60

wheeze (sibilant)

Question 61

Low-pitched snoring or moaning sounds heard primarily during expiration but may be heard throughout the respiratory cycle. These wheezes may clear with coughing

Answer 61

wheeze (snoring

Question 62

is a harsh, honking wheeze with severe broncholaryngospasm, such as occurs with croup

Answer 62

stridor

Question 63

12–20 breaths/min and regular

Answer 63

normal breathing pattern

Question 64

More than 24 breaths/min and shallow

Answer 64

tachypnea

Question 65

Less than 10 breaths/min and regular

Answer 65

bradypnea

Question 66

increased rate and increased depth. Usually occurs with extreme exercise, fear, or anxiety. Causes of hyperventilation include disorders of the central nervous system, an overdose of the drug salicylate, or severe anxiety

Answer 66

hyperventilation

Question 67

Rapid, deep, labored, A type of hyperventilation associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 67

kussmaul

Question 68

Decreased rate, decreased depth, irregular pattern, Usually associated with overdose of narcotics or anesthetics

Answer 68

hypoventilation

Question 69

Regular pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea

Answer 69

cheyne-strokes respirations

Question 70

Irregular pattern characterized by varying depth and rate of respirations followed by periods of apnea

Answer 70

biot's respiration

Question 71

Significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths of respiration

Answer 71

ataxic

Question 72

Increasing difficulty in getting breath out

Answer 72

air trapping