CHILD BEARING WOMEN - MATERNAL Flashcards
What hormones does influence the changes in the body of women?
estrogen and progesterone
pinkish-red streaks with slight depressions in the skin—begin
to appear over the abdomen, breasts, thighs, and buttocks.
These marks usually fade to a white or silvery color, but they
typically never completely resolve after the pregnancy.
Stretch marks or striae gravidarum
a darkening of the skin on the face, known as the facial “mask of pregnancy”
chloasma
a vascular changes that is tiny red angiomas occurring on the face, neck, chest, arms, and legs of o woman during pregnancy. It occurs due to elevated estrogen levels
Spider nevi
a (a pinkish color on the palms of the hands)
Palmar erythema
is a skin disorder seen during the third trimester of pregnancy, characterized by erythematous papules, plaques, and urticarial lesions.
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
is an unpredictable response
during pregnancy. t consists of
erythema, pustules, comedones, and/or cysts that appear on
the face, back, neck, or chest.
Acne Vulgaris
it is primarily responsible for the changes that occur to the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands
estrogen
when do you usually experience hirsutism when you are pregnant?
experienced during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy
medical term for nosebleeds, common condition in which there is bleeding from one or both sides of the nasal septum due to tearing of the small blood vessels
Epistaxis
Breast changes noted by women during pregnancy
- Tingling sensations and tenderness
- Enlargement of breast and nipple
- Hyperpigmentation of areola and nipple
- Enlargement of Montgomery tubercles
- Prominence of superficial veins
- Development of striae
- Expression of colostrum in the second and third trimester
False anemia, psychologic anemia. This anemia results primarily from the disproportionate increase in blood volume compared to the increased red blood cell (RBC) production
Pseudoanemia
a swollen or inflamed vein due to a blood clot.
Thrombophlebitis
what do you call the abdominal muscles that stretch as the uterus enlarge during pregnancy?
rectus abdominis muscles
what is the condition where the the rectus abdominis muscles, may stretch to the point that permanent separation occurs
diastasis recti abdominis
decreased flow and stagnation of the urine
hydronephrosis
medical term for heartburn, is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen.
pyrosis
a gastrointestinal symptom, excessive salivation may occur in the first trimester
Ptyalism
A gastrointestinal symptom, where craving for or ingestion of non nutritional substances such as dirt or clay, is seen in all socioeconomic classes
and cultures.
Pica
is a medical term for high blood glucose (blood sugar)
hyperglycemia
means the amount of insulin in the blood is higher than what’s considered healthy.
hyperinsulinemia
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue
Hyperplasia
top of uterus
fundus
this occurrence refers to the dropping of fundal height measurement in the last few weeks of the pregnancy and the fetal head is engaged and descended in the maternal pelvis.
lightening
painless, irregular contractions of the uterus
Braxton Hicks
Cervical softening
Goodell’s sign
bluish discoloration of the cervix
chadwick’ sign
an increase bin the size of the cells
hypertrophy
having fewer than three bowel movements a week and is a common problem during pregnancy
constipation
constipation can lead into this and it refers to varicose veins in the rectum. may develop because of the pressure on the venous structures from straining to have a bowel movement
Hemorrhoids
a term to describe when the spine is curving forward during pregnancy
gradual lordosis
what common medicine is used to treat constipation
laxatives
reproductive hormone produced by your ovaries and the placenta. It loosens and relaxes your pelvic joins and ligaments to become more flexible during pregnancy
Relaxin
term refers to the pregnant woman’s gait
waddling
Common neurologic complaints during pregnancy
- Pain or tingling feeling in the thigh
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Leg cramps
- Dizziness and lightheadedness
dizziness in supine position caused by heavy uterus compressing the vena cava and aorta. This compression reduces cardiac return, cardiac output, and blood pressure
supine hypotensive syndrome
this is common to during pregnancy due to estrogen induced edema and vascular congestion of nasal mucosa and sinuses.
Nasal “stuffiness” and nose bleeds (epistaxis)
refers to intractable vomiting during pregnancy, leading to weight loss and volume depletion, resulting in ketonuria and/or ketonemia.
hyperemesis gravidarum
the first form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after giving birth.
colostrum
what is GPTPAL?
- Gravida = # of cpregnancies
- para = # of pregnancies delivered at 20 weeks
- term gestation - delivery of 38 to 42 weeks
- pre term gestation = delivery of pregnancy after 20 weeks and before the start of 38 weeks gestation
- abortion = termination
- living = number of children
a form of abnormal pregnancy, in which the formed placental-like tissue sometimes invades the wall of the uterus (womb).
molar pregnancy
occurs when a fertilized egg grows outside of the uterus.
ectopic pregnancy
normal bp for pregnant women
140/90
90/60
normal pulse rate
60-90
when does uterus is palpable?
10-12 weeks gestation
Fetal movement should be felt by the mother by approximately
18-20 weeks
A small amount of whitish vaginal discharge
leukorrhea
excess of amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
assist in determining the fetal lie
(where the fetus is lying in relation to the mother’s back) presentation (the presenting
part of the fetus into the maternal pelvis),
size, and position (the fetal presentation in
relation to the maternal pelvis)
Leopold’s maneuver
what is the range of fetal heart rate?
120-60 beats per minute
inability to auscultate fetal heart tones with a fetal Doppler at 12 weeks may indicate
a retroverted uterus, uncertain dates, fetal demise, or false pregnancy
Fetal heart rate
decelerations could indicate
poor placental perfusion
may present with thick,
purulent vaginal discharge. A thick, white, cheesy discharge presents with a yeast
infection
Gonorrhea infection
In ___________, the cervical opening has a slit-like appearance known as “fish mouth.” A small amount of whitish vaginal discharge
(leukorrhea) is normal
multiparous women
(softening of the lower uterine segment)
positive Hegar’s sign
Grayish-white vaginal discharge,
positive “whiff test” (fishy odor), and clue cells positive on microscopic wet prep
(epithelial cells that have been invaded by disease-causing bacteria) are evidence of
bacterial vaginosis
This type of pelvis may increase the risk of cesarean delivery.
Anthropoid or platypelloid pelvis with an immobile coccyx may interfere with vaginal
birth
