EARS

Question 1

is a flashlight-type viewer used to visualize the eardrum and external ear canal

Answer 1

Otoscope

Question 2

What is the equal bilateral size of the ears?

Answer 2

Normally 4-10 cm

Question 3

Enlarged preauricular and postauricular
lymph nodes

Answer 3

Infection

Question 4

Tophi (nontender, hard, cream-colored
nodules on the helix or antihelix, containing uric acid crystals)

Answer 4

Gout

Question 5

Blocked sebaceous glands

Answer 5

postauricular cysts

Question 6

Ulcerated, crusted nodules that bleed

Answer 6

Skin cancer (most often seen on the helix due to skin exposure)

Question 7

Redness,swelling,scaling,or itching

Answer 7

Otitis externa

Question 8

Pale blue ear color

Answer 8

Frostbite

Question 9

which is a clinically insignificant projection, may be seen on the auricle

Answer 9

Darwins tubercle

Question 10

A painful auricle or tragus is associated with

Answer 10

Otitis externa or postauricular cyst

Question 11

Tenderness over the mastoid process suggests

Answer 11

Mastoiditis

Question 12

Tenderness behind the ear may occur with

Answer 12

Otitis media

Question 13

Colors of cerumen (earwax)

Answer 13

ROYBBG
Red, orange, yellow, brown,black, gray

Question 14

Foul-smelling, sticky, yellow discharge

Answer 14

otitis externa or impacted foreign body

Question 15

Bloody, purulent discharge

Answer 15

Otitis media with ruptured tympanic membrane

Question 16

Blood or watery drainage (cerebrospinal
fluid)

Answer 16

Skull trauma

Question 17

Impacted cerumen blocking the view
of the external ear canal

Answer 17

Conductive hearing loss

Question 18

Abnormal findings in the ear canal may include:

Answer 18

• Reddened, swollen canals—otitis externa
•Exostoses(nonmalignant nodular swellings)
• Polyps may block the view of the ear drum

Question 19

Red, bulging eardrum and distorted,
diminished, or absent light reflex

Answer 19

Acute otitis media

Question 20

Yellowish, bulging membrane with
bubbles behind

Answer 20

Serous otitis media

Question 21

Bluish or dark red color

Answer 21

Blood behind the eardrum from skull trauma

Question 22

White spots

Answer 22

Scarring from infection

Question 23

Perforations

Answer 23

Trauma from injection

Question 24

Prominent landmarks

Answer 24

eardrum retraction from negative ear pressure resulting from an obstructed eustachian tube

Question 25

Obscured or absent landmarks

Answer 25

eardrum thickening from chronic otitis media

Question 26

asking the client to gently occlude the ear not being tested and rub the tragus with a finger in a circular motion. Start with testing the better hearing ear and then the poorer one. With your head 2 feet behind the client (so that the client cannot see your lips move), whisper a two-syllable word such as “popcorn” or “football.” Ask the client to repeat it back to you. If the response is incorrect the first time, whisper the word one more time. Identifying three out of six whispered words is considered passing the test. The whisper test has been studied in both pediatric and adult clients to evaluate hearing acuity and has been found to have a high sensitiv- ity and specificity (Pirozzo, Papinczak, & Glasziou, 2003).

Answer 26

Perform whisper test

Question 27

The test helps to evalu-
ate the conduction of sound waves through bone to help distinguish between conductive hearing (sound waves transmitted by the external and middle ear) and sensorineural hearing (sound waves transmitted by the inner ear).

Answer 27

Perform webers test

Question 28

conductive hearing

Answer 28

Sound waves transmitted by external and middle ear

Question 29

sound waves transmitted by the inner ear)

Answer 29

Sensorineural hearing

Question 30

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 30

With conductive hearing loss, the client reports lateralization of sound to the poor ear—that is, the client “hears” the sounds in the poor ear. The good ear is distracted by background noise and conducted air, which the poor ear has trouble hearing. Thus the poor ear receives most of the sound conducted by bone vibration.

Question 31

sensorineural hearing loss,

Answer 31

the client reports lateralization of sound to the good ear. This is because of limited perception of the sound due to nerve damage in the bad ear, making sound seem louder in the unaf- fected ear.

Question 32

This test compares air and bone conduction sounds. Strike a tuning fork and place the base of the fork on the client’s mastoid process

Answer 32

Rinnes test

Question 33

occurs with damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to
the nerve pathways between the inner ear and brain. This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. It decreases one’s ability to hear faint sounds. Even loud speech may be muffled.

Answer 33

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 34

This tests the client’s equilibrium. Ask the client to stand with feet together, arms at sides, and eyes open, then with the eyes closed.

Answer 34

Romberg test

Question 35

a gradual sensorineural hearing loss due to degeneration of the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve, is common in older (over age 50) clients.

Answer 35

Presbycusis

Question 36

Perforation results from rupture caused by increased pressure, usually from untreated infection or trauma.

Answer 36

Perforated tympanic membrane