child and adolescence Flashcards
(adrenocortical maturation), signals the onset of increased sebum production from the
sebaceous glands, a process that continues until late adolescence.
adrenarche
children remain farsighted until age
6 to 7 yrs when they achieve e a visual acuity of 20/20
how do you pull the pinna in adult?
up and back
how many teeth does children have?
20 deciduous teeth lost between 6 to 12 years old.
when does children replace temporary teeth?
6 yrs
The frontal sinuses develop around age
7 to 8
children are at risk for airway obstruction from
edema and infections in the lungs
how does children younger than 7 years breath?
abdominal breathers
when does children breath like an adult?
between 8 and 10 years old, respiratory rates lower and breathing becomes thoracic, like adults’ breathing
(breast development)
thelarche
enlargement of breast tissue in boys, may be noted in some male adolescents.
Gynecomastia
what is the characteristics of hearts sounds of children
louder, higher pitched, and of shorter duration in children
in adolescent male, enlargement of the testes is an early sign of puberty, occurring between the ages
9.5 to 13.5
Primary dentition (20 deciduous teeth) is completed by?
2.5 yrs
The child’s birth weight quadruples by age
2.5
Head circumference (HC) equals chest circumference by
1-2 yrs
Girls grow 5 to 20 cm until about age
16 or 17
Boys grow 10 to 30 cm until about
18 to 20
in girls puberty begins
8 to 14 yrs
puberty in boys begins
9 to 16
a screening test for r guidance when assessing the child’s motor, language, and social development at the particular age
Denver developmental screening test
The major gross motor skill
locomotion
Gross motor skills of toddler
15 m - toddlers walk without help, cam build 2 tower block
18 m - walk upstairs with one hand held, 3 to 4 block tower
24m - walk up and down stairs one step at a time, imitate vertical stroke
30m - jump with both feet, 8 block tower & copy a cross
gross motor skills of preschoolers
3- ride tricycle, go upstairs using alternate feet, stand on 1 foot, board jump
4 - can skip, hop on one foot, catch a ball, go downstairs using alternate feet.
5 - skip on alternate feet. throw and catch, jump rope, balance using eyes closed.
visual acuity and depth perception improve, and
they are able to recall visual images, begin learning
the ability to listen and comprehend
toddlers
Color and depth perception become fully developed, ring reaches its maximum level and listening further develops
preschoolers
Visual capacity reaches adult level (20/20) by age 6 or 7 years.
Hearing acuity is almost complete
school age
All senses have reached their mature capacity
adolescents
Toddlers sensorimotor phase
12 to 24 months
• tertiary circular reactions (12-18)
• relentless exploration and mental combinations (18-24)
Toddlers use expressive jargons
15 months
Say 300 words, 2 to 3 phrases
2 yrs
