ABDOMEN

Question 1

What are the anatomic divisions

Answer 1

• abdominal quadrants
• abdominal wall muscles
• internal anatomy of the abdominal cavity

Question 2

what are the 9 regions of the abdomen

Answer 2

• right hypochondriac region
• right lumbar region
• right iliac region
• epigastric
• umbilical
• hypogastric
• left HC
• Left lumbar
• left iliac

Question 3

outermost later of abdomen

Answer 3

external abdominal oblique,

Question 4

middle layer of abdomen

Answer 4

internal abdominal oblique

Question 5

innermost layer of abdomen

Answer 5

transverse abdominis

Question 6

a vertical muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is called

Answer 6

rectus abdominis

Question 7

a white line from the abdomen that was formed from muscle fibers and aponeuroses at the midline of the abdomen

Answer 7

Linea Alba

Question 8

A thin, shiny, serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and also provides a protective covering for most of the internal abdominal organs
(visceral peritoneum).

Answer 8

peritoneum

Question 9

what are the systems that are present in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 9

• gastrointestinal
• female reproductive
• lymphatic
• urinary

Question 10

2 types of abdominal viscera

Answer 10

solid & hallow

Question 11

refers to e those organs that maintain their shape consistently:

Answer 11

Solid viscera

Question 12

consist of structures that change shape depending on their contents.

Answer 12

hollow viscera

Question 13

what are the examples of solid viscera?

Answer 13

liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, and uterus

Question 14

What are the examples of hollow viscera?

Answer 14

stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon and bladder

Question 15

It is the largest solid organ in the body. It is located below the diaphragm in the RUQ of the abdomen.

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

It is a long gland extending across the abdomen from the RUQ to the LUQ and mostly located behind the stomach deep in the upper abdomen, normally not palpable

Answer 16

Pancreas

Question 17

Two functions of pancreas

Answer 17

it is an endocrine gland and
an accessory organ of digestion

Question 18

is approximately 7 cm wide and is located above the left kidney just below the
diaphragm at the level of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh ribs

Answer 18

spleen

Question 19

What is main function of spleen?

Answer 19

• filter the blood of cellular debris,
• to digest microorganisms
• to return the breakdown products to the liver.

Question 20

Located high and deep under the diaphragm. Glandular, bean-shaped organs measuring 10 × 5 × 2.5 cm

Answer 20

Kidney

Question 21

What is the main function of kidney?

Answer 21

• filtration and elimination of metabolic waste products
• play a role in blood pressure control and maintenance of water, salt, and electrolyte balances.
• function as endocrine glands by secreting hormones.

Question 22

It is a distensible, flask-like organ located in the LUQ just below the diaphragm and between the liver and spleen.

Answer 22

Stomach

Question 23

a muscular sac approximately 10 cm long located near the posterior surface of the liver lateral to the mid-clavicular line

Answer 23

gallbladder

Question 23

What is the function of stomach?

Answer 23

store, churn, and digest food.

Question 23

Function of gallbladder?

Answer 23

concentrate and store the bile needed to digest fat

Question 24

is actually the longest portion of the digestive tract (approximately 7.0 m long) but is named for its small diameter (approximately 2.5 cm).

Answer 24

Small intestine

Question 25

functions of small intestine

Answer 25

- digestion - absorption of nutrients through millions of mucosal projections lining its walls.

Question 26

has a wider diameter than the small intestine (approximately 6.0 cm) and is approximately 1.4 m long. It originates in the RLQ, where it attaches to the small intestine at the ileocecal valve

Answer 26

Colon or large intestine

Question 27

Functions of colon

Answer 27

it has major sections: ascending, transverse, descending. - secrete large amounts of alkaline mucus to lubricate the intestine and neutralize acids formed by the intestinal bacteria

Question 28

a distensible muscular sac located behind the pubic bone in the midline of the abdomen

Answer 28

urinary bladder

Question 29

function of urinary bladder

Answer 29

temporary receptacle for urine

Question 30

pain is not felt at its source.

Answer 30

referred pain

Question 31

this is a type of ulcer where you feel pain a few hours after eating and relieved again once you eat again.

Answer 31

duodenal ulcer

Question 32

medical term for heartburn

Answer 32

pyrosis

Question 33

what is GERD

Answer 33

Gastroesophageal reflux disease - occurs when stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach (esophagus).

Question 34

Symptoms of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) in adults

Answer 34

- Frequent heart burn - burning type pain in the lower part of mid-chest - behind the breast bone - mid abdomen

Question 35

Vomiting with blood

Answer 35

Hematemesis

Question 36

medical term for vomiting

Answer 36

emesis

Question 37

nausea that occurs pregnancy specifically in the morning that makes pregnant women vomit.

Answer 37

morning sickness

Question 38

Nausea that is caused by motion because the inner ear, the eyes perceived motion

Answer 38

motion sickness

Question 39

usually defined as a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements or the passage of hard and possibly painful stools.

Answer 39

Constipation

Question 40

is defined as frequency of bowel movements producing unformed or liquid stools

Answer 40

diarrhea

Question 41

occurs when hollow abdominal organs—such as the intestines—become distended or contract forcefully, or when the capsules of solid organs such as the liver and spleen are stretched. This type of pain is often characterized as dull, aching, burning, cramping or colicky.

Answer 41

Visceral pain

Question 42

This type of pain tends to localize more to the source and is characterized as a more severe and steady pain. Occurs when the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed such as appendicitis or peritonitis.

Answer 42

Parietal Pain

Question 43

This type of pain travels, or refers, from the primary site and becomes highly localized at the distant site. occurs at a distant sites that are innervated at approximately the same levels as the disrupted abdominal organ

Answer 43

referred pain

Question 44

sequence of assessment in the abdomen

Answer 44

Inspect, auscultate, percussion, palpation

Question 45

it is the purple discoloration at the flanks that indicated bleeding within the abdominal wall, possibly from trauma to kidney, pancreas, or duodenum or from pancreatitis

Answer 45

Grey-Turner sign

Question 46

this is significant abdominal swelling that indicating fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity

Answer 46

Ascites

Question 47

this color may indicate ascites in the abdomen

Answer 47

pale, taunt skin

Question 48

severe scarring of the liver

Answer 48

cirrhosis

Question 49

what are the colors of stretch marks?

Answer 49

Pink/ bluish- new striae Silvery - old striae White/linear/uneven - from the past pregnancies or weight gain.

Question 50

a disorder that occurs when your body makes too much of the hormone cortisol over a long period of time. Dark bluish-pink striae are also associated with this *cortisol - stress hormone

Answer 50

Cushing syndrome

Question 51

excess scar tissue)

Answer 51

keloids