EYES

Question 1

refers to what a person sees with one eye

Answer 1

visual field

Question 2

four QUADRANTS OF VISUAL FIELDS

Answer 2

upper temporal,
lower temporal
upper nasal,
lower nasal

Question 3

occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses, conducted to the
brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted.

Answer 3

Visual perception

Question 4

causes pupils immediately to constrict when exposed to bright light

Answer 4

pupillary light reflex

Question 5

what is direct and indirect\consensual reflex?

Answer 5

Direct - constriction
Indirect - constriction

Question 6

what condition where you usually see “spots or floaters”?

Answer 6

common among clients with myopia or in
clients over age 40.

Question 7

blind spot

Answer 7

scotoma

Question 8

Seeing halos around lights is associated with

Answer 8

narrow-angle glaucoma.

Question 9

Night blindness is associated with

Answer 9

optic atrophy, glaucoma, and
vitamin A deficiency.

Question 10

Double vision

Answer 10

diplopia

Question 11

is caused by exposure to irritants or
obstruction of the lacrimal apparatus

Answer 11

excessive tearing or EPIPHORA

Question 12

is often associated with foreign body or obstruction.

Answer 12

UNILATERAL EPIPHORA

Question 13

is often associated with exposure to irritants, such as makeup or facial cleansers, or it may be a systemic response.

Answer 13

BILATERAL EPIPHORA

Question 14

what is used to measure pressure within the eye?

Answer 14

tonometry

Question 15

is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Mayo Clinic (2010b) says it is often referred to as “the
silent thief of sight” because it can damage vision very gradually
with no noticeable loss of vision until the disease is advanced.

Answer 15

Glaucoma

Question 16

are a clouding of the usually clear lens of the eye, causing a person to see as though looking through a
frosty or foggy window (Mayo Clinic, 2010).

Answer 16

Cataracts

Question 17

is a major cause of visual impairment that affects the macula portion of the retina

Answer 17

Macular degeneration

Question 18

is the “second-highest cause
of irreversible blindness in the world.
major cause of visual impairment that affects the macula portion of retina.
Causes deterioration of the macula, central area of the retina

Answer 18

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Question 19

Used to test distant visual acuity, consists of lines of different letters stacked one above the other. The letters are large at the top and decrease in size from top to bottom.
The client stands
20 feet from the chart and covers
one eye with an opaque card (which
prevents the client from peeking
through the fingers

Answer 19

Snellen Chart

Question 20

This is used when he client cannot read or has a handicap that prevents verbal communication.
is configured just like
the Snellen chart but the characters
on it are only Es, which face in all
directioN

Answer 20

E CHART

Question 21

a test for near vision assessed in clients over 40 years of age by holding the pocket screener or newspaper print 14 inches
from the eye. Clients who have decreased accommodation to view
closer print will have to move the card or newspaper further away
to see it.

Answer 21

jaeger test

Question 22

what is normal distant visual acuity

Answer 22

20/20 with or
without corrective lenses. This means that the client can distinguish what the person
with normal vision can distinguish from 20 feet away

Question 23

(impaired far vision) is present when the second number in the test result is larger than the first (20/40).

Answer 23

Myopia

Question 24

A client is considered legally blind when vision in the better eye with corrective lenses is

Answer 24

20/200

Question 25

Use this test for middle-aged clients and others who complain of difficulty reading.

Answer 25

Test near visual acuity

Question 26

Normal near visual acuity is

Answer 26

14/14 This means that the client can read what the normal eye can read from a distance of 14 inches.

Question 27

(impaired near vision) is indicated when the client moves the chart away from the eyes to focus on the print. It is caused by decreased accommodation. - is a common condition in clients over 45 years of age.

Answer 27

Presbyopia

Question 28

what are the normal visual field degrees?

Answer 28

* Inferior: 70 degrees * Superior: 50 degrees * Temporal: 90 degrees * Nasal: 60 degrees

Question 29

This test assesses parallel alignment of the eyes. Hold a penlight approximately 12 inches from the client’s face. Shine the light toward the bridge of the nose while the client stares straight ahead. Note the light reflected on the corneas.

Answer 29

Perform corneal light reflex test

Question 30

test detects deviation in alignment or strength and slight deviations in eye movement by interrupting the fusion reflex that normally keeps the eyes parallel

Answer 30

Perform cover test

Question 31

a is a term used to describe misalignment that occurs only when fusion reflex is blocked.

Answer 31

Phoria

Question 32

is constant malalignment of the eyes.

Answer 32

Strabismus

Question 33

is a specific type of misalignment:

Answer 33

Tropia

Question 34

is an inward turn of the eye

Answer 34

Esotropia

Question 35

is an outward turn of the eye

Answer 35

exotropia

Question 36

test which assesses eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function

Answer 36

Perform position/ cardinal fields of gaze

Question 37

—an oscillating (shaking) movement of the eye—may be associated with an inner ear disorder, multiple sclerosis, brain lesions, or narcotics use.

Answer 37

Nystagmus

Question 38

Drooping of the upper lid

Answer 38

ptosis

Question 39

inverted lower lid is a condition called may cause pain and injure the cornea as the eyelash brushes against the conjunctiva and cornea.

Answer 39

entropion

Question 40

an everted lower eyelid, results in exposure and drying of the conjunctiva

Answer 40

Ectropion

Question 41

Redness and crusting along the lid margins suggest

Answer 41

seborrhea or blepharitis, an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Question 42

a hair follicle infection causes local redness, swelling, and pain

Answer 42

Hordeolum (stye)

Question 43

an infection of the meibomian gland (located in the eyelid), may produce extreme swelling of the lid, moderate redness, but minimal pain

Answer 43

chalazion

Question 44

Protrusion of the eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins is termed

Answer 44

exophthalmos

Question 45

Generalized redness of the conjunctiva suggests

Answer 45

conjunctivitis (pink eye).

Question 46

Yellowish nodules on the bulbar conjunctiva are called

Answer 46

pinguecula

Question 47

is a local, noninfectious inflammation of the sclera. The condition is usually characterized by either a nodular appearance or by redness with dilated vessels

Answer 47

Episcleritis

Question 48

a normal condition in older clients, appears as a white arc around the limbus. The condition has no effect on vision.

Answer 48

Arcus senilis

Question 49

Normal pupil size

Answer 49

3 to 5 mm

Question 50

An inequality in pupil size of less than 0.5 mm occurs in 20% of clients. This condition, called

Answer 50

Anisocoria

Question 51

The normal consensual pupillary response is

Answer 51

constriction.

Question 52

Accommodation occurs when the client moves his or her focus of vision from a distant point to a near object, causing the pupils to constrict. Hold your finger or a pencil about 12 to 15 inches from the client. Ask the client to focus on your finger or pencil and to remain focused on it as you move it closer in toward the eyes

Answer 52

Test accommodation of pupils

Question 53

The normal pupillary response of accommodation of the pupils are?

Answer 53

constriction nof the pupils and convergence of the eyes when focusing on a near object

Question 54

appears as a swollen disc with blurred margins, a hyperemic (blood-filled) appearance, more visible and more numerous disc vessels, and lack of visible physiologic cup

Answer 54

Papilledema, or swelling of the optic disc

Question 55

is evidenced by the disc being white in color and a lack of disc vessels. This condition is caused by the death of optic nerve fibers

Answer 55

Optic atrophy

Question 56

occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of the anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 56

hyphemia

Question 57

usually results from an inflammatory response in which white blood cells accumulate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness in front of the iris

Answer 57

Hypopyon

Question 58

an inward drift of eye

Answer 58

esophoria

Question 59

outward drift of the eye

Answer 59

exophoria

Question 60

Constant malalignment of the eye axis, defined according to the direction toward the eye drifts and may cause amblyopia

Answer 60

Strabismus (tropia)

Question 61

Normal in young children, the pupils will appear at the center canthus (due to epicanthic fold)

Answer 61

Pseudotrabismus

Question 62

Also known as lazy eye reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life.

Answer 62

Amblyopia