NEWBORNS & INFANT

Question 1

is the term used to describe a child
from birth to 28 days old.

Answer 1

newborn or neonate

Question 2

refers to a child between
the ages of 28 days and 1 year

Answer 2

infant

Question 3

blue appearance of the newborn’s hands or feet when the temperature drops

Answer 3

acrocyanosis

Question 4

It appears as a thick, cheesy, white substance on the skin and is
especially prevalent in skin folds of the newborn’s body.

Answer 4

Vernix caseosa

Question 5

fine, downy hairs, which appear on the newborn’s body, shoulders, and/or back at birth, develop in
the fetus at 3 months gestation and disappear within the first
2 weeks of life.

Answer 5

lanugo

Question 6

what is the measurement of posterior fontanelle

Answer 6

1 to 2 cm, usually closes at 2 months

Question 7

measurement of anterior fontanelle

Answer 7

4 to 6 cm, closes between 12 to 18 months

Question 8

eyesight of newborns

Answer 8

farsighted at 20/200

Question 9

how do newborns breathe

Answer 9

Obligatory nose breathers

30-60 breaths per minute

Question 10

parts of umbilicus

Answer 10

amniotic portion
cutaneous portion

Question 11

is covered with a gel-like substance and dries up and falls off within 2 weeks of life.

Answer 11

AMNIOTIC PORTION

Question 12

is covered with skin and draws back to become flush with the
abdominal wall.

Answer 12

cutaneous portion

Question 13

Gross motor of infant

Answer 13

• can turn head side to side
• 3 to 4 m = almost no head lag infant may push up to prone position.
• 5 to 6 m = Infants roll from front to back
• 6 -7 = sits unsupported
• 10 months = cruising
• 12 months - walk when handheld

Question 14

Fine motor movement

Answer 14

• grasp reflex at birth
• 3 m - rasp reflex fades
• 5 to 6 m - grasp voluntarily
• 7 m - hand to hand transfer
• 9 m - pincer grasp
  -12 m - 2 block tower

Question 15

this stage involves the development of intellect and knowledge of the
environment gained through the senses. During this stage,
development progresses from reflexive activity to purposeful
acts.

• object permanence

Answer 15

sensorimotor stage

Question 16

retains a mental image of an absent object; sees self as separate from others)

Answer 16

object permanence

Question 17

communication of infants

Answer 17

main crying
- cooing by 1 to 2 m
- laughing and babbling by 3 to 4 m
- begins to imitate sound at 6 m
- combined syllables 8 m
- understands no-no in 9
- mama and dada no meaning 10m
- 2 to 4 words with meaning 12m

Question 18

are the building blocks of an
infant’s developing sense of trust

Answer 18

love and affection

Question 19

in this stage, the infant’s significant other is the “caretaking” person. Developing a sense of trust in caregivers and the environment is a central focus for an infant. This sense of trust forms the foundation for all future psychosocial tasks.

Answer 19

trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1)

Question 20

the erogenous zone is the mouth, and sexual activity takes the
form of sucking, swallowing, chewing, and biting. In this stage,
the infant meets the world by crying, tasting, eating, and early
vocalization; biting, to gain a sense of having a hold on and
having greater control of the environment;

Answer 20

oral stage

Question 21

normal temperature

Answer 21

36.4 to 37.2 C

Question 22

normal respiration rate

Answer 22

30 to 60 bpm

Question 23

normal blood pressure

Answer 23

60/40 mmhg

Question 24

normal pulse

Answer 24

120-140 bpm while at rest
180 bpm crying
100 bpm when sleeping

Question 25

normal range weight

Answer 25

1500 to 4000 grams

Question 26

normal length range

Answer 26

44 - 55 cm

Question 27

normal head circumference range

Answer 27

33-35.5 cm

Question 28

normal chest circumference

Answer 28

24-34 cm

Question 29

short, webbed neck suggest anomalies or syndromes such as

Answer 29

downs syndrome

Question 30

wide set position of inner cantus

Answer 30

hypertelorism

Question 31

“Sun-setting” appearance (upper lid covers part of the iris) suggest

Answer 31

hydrocephalus

Question 32

upward slant and thick epicanthal folds suggest

Answer 32

down syndrome

Question 33

swelling (edema) that affects a newborn's scalp. It most commonly occurs from pressure on the head as the baby moves through the birth canal during a prolonged or difficult vaginal delivery.

Answer 33

caput succedaneum

Question 34

normal head

Answer 34

normocephalic

Question 35

often a birth injury related to head trauma during delivery. The condition occurs when cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain and spinal cord. The pressure from the extra fluid can stop the baby's brain from working properly and lead to brain damage and even death.

Answer 35

hydrocephalus

Question 36

is a condition where a baby's head is much smaller than expected.

Answer 36

microcephaly

Question 37

is usually caused by an indirect inguinal hernia that has descended into the scrotum. It can usually be pushed back into the inguinal canal. This mass will not transilluminate.

Answer 37

scrotal hernia

Question 38

sis adduction of the forefoot and inversion of the entire foot

Answer 38

Talipes varus

Question 39

To elicit the rooting reflex, touch the newborn’s upper or lower lip or cheek with a gloved finger or sterile nipple.

Answer 39

rooting reflex (d= 3 to 4m)

Question 39

A feeling of the head of the femur slipping out of the hip socket (acetabulum).

Answer 39

barlow's sign

Question 39

A click heard along with feeling the head of the femur slip in or out of the hip.

Answer 39

Ortolani's sign

Question 40

Place a gloved finger or nipple in the newborn’s mouth, and note the strength of the sucking response. (A diminished response is normal in a recently fed newborn.)

Answer 40

Sucking reflex (10-12)

Question 41

Press your fingers against the palmar surface of the newborn’s hand from the ulnar side. The grasp should be strong—you may even be able to pull the newborn to a sitting position.

Answer 41

Palmar reflex (3-4)

Question 42

Touch the ball of the newborn’s foot. The toes should curl downward tightly

Answer 42

Plantar grasp reflex (8-10)

Question 43

The newborn should be supine. Turn the head to one side, with newborn’s jaw at the shoulder

Answer 43

tonic neck reflex (4-6m)

Question 44

is a response to sudden stimulation or an abrupt change in position.

Answer 44

Moro or startle reflex (3m)

Question 45

is fanning of the toes. Many normal newborns will not exhibit a positive Babinski reflex; instead, they will exhibit the normal adult response, which is flexion of the toes. Response should always be symmetric bilaterally

Answer 45

babinski reflex (2y)

Question 46

Hold the newborn upright from behind, provide support under the arms, and let the newborn’s feet touch a surface. The reflex response is manifested by the newborn stepping with one foot and then the other in a walking motion

Answer 46

stepping reflex (2m)