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BDS2 Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first rib to sternum joint?

A

Primary cartilaginous joint

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2
Q

What are the ribs 2-7 joints to the sternum?

A

Synovial planar

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3
Q

What is the weakest part of the rib?

A

Where it angles round

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4
Q

What side of the ribs are broken?

A

Right

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5
Q

What is a ‘stove in chest’ ?

A

Loose segment of rib caused by a break

  • flail chest

Chest moves inward during inhale rather than out, it gets sucked in

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6
Q

What muscles lie in between ribs?

A

Intercostal muscles

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7
Q

What are the 3 types/layers of intercostal muscles?

A

External, internal and innermost

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8
Q

What are the nerves of the ribs?

A

Anterior primary rami of thoracic nerves

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9
Q

Where do you feel pain when intercostal nerves are irritated?

A
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10
Q

How would you anaesthetise intercostal space?

A
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11
Q

How would you prevent damage to the neurovascular bundle during posterolateral thoracotomy?

A
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12
Q

When you breathe in, what is the movement of the ribs?

A
  1. Superior and anterior movement
  2. Elevation of lateral shaft of rib
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13
Q

What ribs do the breast cover?

A

2nd to 6th

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14
Q

What muscle do the breast lie over?

A

Pectoral is major

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15
Q

What are lobules suspended by in the breast?

A

Coopers ligaments

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16
Q

How many lobules are in the breast?

A

15-20

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17
Q

What arteries supply the breast?

A

Internal thoracic

Lateral and thoracoacromial

Intercostal

(From the aorta)

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18
Q

Why is a lesion in the breast critical?

A

Rich blood supply, can effect many systemic areas

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19
Q

What nodes are associated with the breast?

A

Axillary
Parasternal
Abdominal

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20
Q

What is the pleura?

A

Mesothelial lining of each hemithorax

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21
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

Lines the lungs

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22
Q

What is the parietal pleura?

A

Covers the internal surface of the thorax cavity

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23
Q

What are the parts of the parietal pleura?

A

Costal
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal
Cervical

24
Q

What produces serous fluid in the lung?

A

Capillary layer of serous fluid produced by the mesothelium

25
Q

What is the roe of the serous fluid?

A

Reduce friction

26
Q

What created cohesion between the lung and thoracic wall?

A

Surface tension

27
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A
  • presence of free air or gas in the pleural cavity
  • collapse of the ipsilateral lung due to pressure change and disruption of surface tension
  • potential for mesiastinal shift
28
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

29
Q

What is empyema?

A

Potential sequelete to exudative effusion

30
Q

How would you drain fluids in the pleural cavity?

A

Usually inserting wide-bore needle

Between 4th and 5th ribs

31
Q

What is the danger of inserting the bore needle above the 7th rib posteriorly?

A

Danger of penetrating the diaphragm

32
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

Space between two pleural sacs

33
Q

What does the superior mediastinum contain?

A

Great vessels

Trachea

Oesophageal

Thoracic duct

2 vagi

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Phrenic neves

34
Q

Where does the superior mediastinum lie?

A

Just under the second rib

35
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus or remnants

36
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum?

A

Contains heart , pericardium, vessels, bronchi and nerves

37
Q

What is in the posterior mediastinum?

A

Oesophagus

Aorta

Vagus nerve

38
Q

What is the relationship of the oesophagus to trachea, left bronchus and left atrium? And the clinical significance?

A
39
Q

What part of the heart does the vagus nerve touch?

A

Left atrium

40
Q

What nerves are associated with the right mediastinal surface?

A

Right vagus nerve and right phrenic nerve

41
Q

What nerves are associated with the left mediastinal surface?

A

Left phrenic nerve
Left Angus nerve
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

42
Q

What side of the mediastinal surface can you see the azygous nerve?

A

Right

43
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

Attach posteriorly, not anteriorly

44
Q

Where does the azygos vein drain from?

A

Posterior thoracic wall

45
Q

What are the 3 opening in the diaphragm?

A

Aortic

Oesophageal

IVC

46
Q

What vertebrae is the aortic diaphragm opening?

A

T12

47
Q

What vertebrae is the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm?

A

T10

48
Q

What vertebrae is the IVC opening in the diaphragm ?

A

T8

49
Q

What opening of the diaphragm transmits the IVC and right phrenic nerve?

A

IVC

50
Q

Wat does the IVC transmit?

A

IVC and right phrenic nerve

51
Q

What does the oesophageal opining transmit?

A

Oesophagus

Left gastric arterial branches and vein

Two vagi

52
Q

What does the aortic opening of the diaphragm transmit?

A

Abd. Aorta

Thoracic duct

Azygos vein

53
Q

What is the lymph drainage system of the thoracic duct? (Left)

A

From the - cisterns chyli to the left brachiocephalic vein

54
Q

What does the cisterna chyli drain lymph from? (Left)

A

Abdomen and left thorax

55
Q

What drains the right thorax?

A

Right lymphatic duct

56
Q

Name A and B

A

BDS2 Anatomy (32 decks)

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