Skeletal - bone sections

Question 1

What are 5 types of bone?

Answer 1

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 2

What are examples of long bones?

Answer 2

radius
ulna
tibia
fibula
humerus
femur

Question 3

Name the flat bones of the skull?

Answer 3

occipital
parietal
frontal
nasal
lacrimal
vomer

Question 4

Example of irregular bone

Answer 4

vertebrae

Question 5

best example of sesamoid bone

Answer 5

patella

Question 6

What is the inorganic compound of bone?

Answer 6

hydroxyapatite

Question 7

Define a long bone

Answer 7

A long bone is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide. Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity containing bone marrow. The ends of a long bone contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line.

Question 8

Define a short bone

Answer 8

shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is comprised of a thin layer of compact bone. Short bones are located in the hands and feet. The patella (kneecap) is also considered a short bone.

short bones provide stability and some movement.

Question 9

Define a flat bone

Answer 9

Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded.

Question 10

Define irregular bone

Answer 10

Irregular bones vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or sesamoid). They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs.

Question 11

Define a sesamoid bone

Answer 11

Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. These small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. Sesamoid bones function to protect tendons from stress and wear.

Question 12

Name where you would find flat bones

Answer 12

there are flat bones in the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, and vomer), the thoracic cage (sternum and ribs), and the pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis).

Question 13

What is the function of flat bones?

Answer 13

protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs.

Question 14

Give examples of long bones

Answer 14

Question 15

Where are long bones mostly located?

Answer 15

appendicular skeleton

Question 16

Give examples of short bones

Answer 16

Question 17

Name examples of irregular bones

Answer 17

the vertebrae, irregular bones of the vertebral column, protect the spinal cord. The irregular bones of the pelvis (pubis, ilium, and ischium) protect organs in the pelvic cavity.

Question 18

Name an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 18

patella

Question 19

What is the shaft of the bone in long bone?

Answer 19

diaphysis

Question 20

What is the role of the diaphysis?

Answer 20

rigid enough to tolerate forces and not break

Question 21

What comprises the diaphysis?

Answer 21

compact bone tissue
spongey bine tissue

Question 22

What structure is located at the end of the diaphysis?

Answer 22

epiphysis

Question 23

What mainly composes the epiphysis?

Answer 23

spongey bone tissue

Question 24

What is the role of the epiphysis?

Answer 24

contain red marrow

produces red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 25

What is the structure at the end of long bone where bones come together to form joints?

Answer 25

smooth tissue called articular cartilage

also called hyaline cartilage

Question 26

What is the role of articular cartilage?

Answer 26

shock absorption
cushioning
minimises friction as bones move

Question 27

Why does the articular cartilage not heal very well once damaged?

Answer 27

low blood supply

Question 28

What covers the entire bone surface a[art form the articular cartilage?

Answer 28

periosteum (fibrous membrane)

Question 29

What does the periosteum allow?

Answer 29

attachment of ligaments and muscle tendons

Houses cells which are important for bone formation and repairing bone tissue

Question 30

Why does the periosteum hurt when bruised?

Answer 30

many nerve fibres

Question 31

What is the tube called inside the diaphysis?

Answer 31

medullary cavity

Question 32

What happens to marrow from childhood to adulthood?

Answer 32

red marrow to yellow marrow

Question 33

Where is yellow marrow located?

Answer 33

medullary cavity

Question 34

What membrane lines the medullary cavity?

Answer 34

endosteum

Question 35

What is the role of the endosteum?

Answer 35

contains cells important for bone growth and repair

Question 36

What 4 cells compose bone?

Answer 36

osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
bone lining cells

Question 37

What is the process of making bone called?

Answer 37

ossification

Question 38

What is the role of an osteoblast?

Answer 38

• Growing new bones (bone formation).
• Reshaping bones to help them change as you age (remodeling).
• Healing damaged or broken bones.

Question 39

What is the role of an osteoclast?

Answer 39

Osteoclasts dissolve and break down old or damaged bone cells. They make space for osteoblasts to create new bone tissue in areas that are growing or need repair.

Question 40

What is the role of an osteocyte?

Answer 40

Osteocytes are cells inside mature bone tissue.

Osteocytes regulate local mineral deposition and chemistry at the bone matrix level, and they also function as endocrine cells producing factors that target distant organs such as the kidney to regulate phosphate transport.

terminally differentiated osteoblasts derived form mature osteoblasts

no longer involved in active bone formation, and have become entrapped within the canaliculi of the bone matrix that they have produced.

Question 41

Name structure A

Answer 41

physis (growth plates)

Question 42

Name structures A-F

Answer 42

Question 43

What is the role of the medullary cavity?

Answer 43

The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat.