Skeletal - bone sections Flashcards
What are 5 types of bone?
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
What are examples of long bones?
radius
ulna
tibia
fibula
humerus
femur
Name the flat bones of the skull?
occipital
parietal
frontal
nasal
lacrimal
vomer
Example of irregular bone
vertebrae
best example of sesamoid bone
patella
What is the inorganic compound of bone?
hydroxyapatite
Define a long bone
A long bone is a bone that has a shaft and 2 ends and is longer than it is wide. Long bones have a thick outside layer of compact bone and an inner medullary cavity containing bone marrow. The ends of a long bone contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line.
Define a short bone
shaped roughly as a cube and contain mostly spongy bone. The outside surface is comprised of a thin layer of compact bone. Short bones are located in the hands and feet. The patella (kneecap) is also considered a short bone.
short bones provide stability and some movement.
Define a flat bone
Flat bones are made up of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone. They have a flat shape, not rounded.
Define irregular bone
Irregular bones vary in shape and structure and therefore do not fit into any other category (flat, short, long, or sesamoid). They often have a fairly complex shape, which helps protect internal organs.
Define a sesamoid bone
Sesamoid bones are bones embedded in tendons. These small, round bones are commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees, and feet. Sesamoid bones function to protect tendons from stress and wear.
Name where you would find flat bones
there are flat bones in the skull (occipital, parietal, frontal, nasal, lacrimal, and vomer), the thoracic cage (sternum and ribs), and the pelvis (ilium, ischium, and pubis).
What is the function of flat bones?
protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and pelvic organs.
Give examples of long bones
Where are long bones mostly located?
appendicular skeleton
Give examples of short bones
Name examples of irregular bones
the vertebrae, irregular bones of the vertebral column, protect the spinal cord. The irregular bones of the pelvis (pubis, ilium, and ischium) protect organs in the pelvic cavity.
Name an example of a sesamoid bone
patella
What is the shaft of the bone in long bone?
diaphysis
What is the role of the diaphysis?
rigid enough to tolerate forces and not break
What comprises the diaphysis?
compact bone tissue
spongey bine tissue
What structure is located at the end of the diaphysis?
epiphysis
What mainly composes the epiphysis?
spongey bone tissue
What is the role of the epiphysis?
contain red marrow
produces red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
What is the structure at the end of long bone where bones come together to form joints?
smooth tissue called articular cartilage
also called hyaline cartilage
What is the role of articular cartilage?
shock absorption
cushioning
minimises friction as bones move
Why does the articular cartilage not heal very well once damaged?
low blood supply
What covers the entire bone surface a[art form the articular cartilage?
periosteum (fibrous membrane)
What does the periosteum allow?
attachment of ligaments and muscle tendons
Houses cells which are important for bone formation and repairing bone tissue
Why does the periosteum hurt when bruised?
many nerve fibres
What is the tube called inside the diaphysis?
medullary cavity
What happens to marrow from childhood to adulthood?
red marrow to yellow marrow
Where is yellow marrow located?
medullary cavity
What membrane lines the medullary cavity?
endosteum
What is the role of the endosteum?
contains cells important for bone growth and repair
What 4 cells compose bone?
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
bone lining cells
What is the process of making bone called?
ossification
What is the role of an osteoblast?
- Growing new bones (bone formation).
- Reshaping bones to help them change as you age (remodeling).
- Healing damaged or broken bones.
What is the role of an osteoclast?
Osteoclasts dissolve and break down old or damaged bone cells. They make space for osteoblasts to create new bone tissue in areas that are growing or need repair.
What is the role of an osteocyte?
Osteocytes are cells inside mature bone tissue.
Osteocytes regulate local mineral deposition and chemistry at the bone matrix level, and they also function as endocrine cells producing factors that target distant organs such as the kidney to regulate phosphate transport.
terminally differentiated osteoblasts derived form mature osteoblasts
no longer involved in active bone formation, and have become entrapped within the canaliculi of the bone matrix that they have produced.
Name structure A
physis (growth plates)
Name structures A-F
What is the role of the medullary cavity?
The bone marrow makes blood cells and stores fat.
