Scalp

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

What connects the occipital is and the frontalis?

Answer 3

Epicranial aponeurosis

Question 4

What allows free movement of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 4

Loose alveolar tissue or loose connective tissue

Question 5

How many layers is the loose alveolar tissue composed of?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

What is the pericranium?

Answer 6

Is the pericardium of the bone

Question 7

How to most structure in the scalp attach to the pericranium?

Answer 7

Sharpey’s fibres

Connective tissue

Question 8

What is the nerve supply of the occipitofrontalis?

Answer 8

Frontal belly Temporal branches of Facial n VII

Occipital belly - posterior auricular nerve Branch of facial nerveJ

Question 9

What nerves supply the scalp?

Answer 9

Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

What blood vessels supply the scalp? - supraorbital and supra trochlear

Answer 11

Ophthalmic artery

Question 12

What blood vessels supply the scalp? - superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital?

Answer 12

External carotid artery

Question 13

What vein drains the supraorbital and supragrochlear?

Answer 13

Facial vein

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Why will a wound to the scalp gape?

Answer 16

If it hits the aponeurosis

Need to hold together

Question 17

What is the aponeurosis?

Answer 17

A thin but tough layer of the fibrous tendinitis tissue and is the site at which the occipitofrontalis muscle inserts into tissue of the scalp

Question 18

What are the emissary veins?

Answer 18

Veins which pass through formania in the skull to provide a venous communication between Duran venous sinuses and veins of the scalp or veins inferior to skull base

Question 19

What are the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 19

Refer to multiple venous channels within the cranial cavity, which are sandwiched between the 2 layers of the dura mater

Question 20

What are the layers of the meninges - inner to outer?

Answer 20

Pia mater
Arachnoid - web-like structure filled with fluid to cushion brain
Dura mater - tough outer layer

Question 21

What does the dural venous sinuses receive blood from?

Answer 21

Veins associated with the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem

Question 22

What does the dural venous sinuses drain into?

Answer 22

Interval jugular vein

Question 23

Do emissary veins have valves?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

Where do the emissary veins travel from and to?

Answer 24

Viscerocranium to the neurocranium

Question 25

What veins does the emissary veins connect?

Answer 25

The dural venous sinuses and the veins external to the skull

Question 26

What is the function of the emissary veins?

Answer 26

Provide cooling if the brain and alternative drainage route of the brain in case if obstruction if dural venous sinuses

Question 27

Do the emissary veins spread infection?

Answer 27

Yes, provide pathway for spreading of the extra cranial infections to neurocranium

Question 28

Where can the emissary veins spread infection?

Answer 28

Transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity

Question 29

What is a specific disease which can arise from emissary veins carrying infection?

Answer 29

Meningitis Blood clot to brain

Question 30

What arteries carry blood to face?

Answer 30

Facial artery Superficial temporal artery Transverse facial artery Supratrochlear artery Supraorbital

Question 31

What are the veins of the face?

Answer 31

Question 32

Answer 32

Question 33

What vein is this and what does it drain into?

Answer 33

Angular vein Drains into facial vein

Question 34

What vein is this and what does it drain into?

Answer 34

Supra orbital vein Drains into superior ophthalmic vein

Question 35

What can an infection in the face (veins) cause?

Answer 35

Can travel through the orphanage,I’d veins and into the cranial cavity Specifically the venous sinuses Here it is the cavernous sinus Cause cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 36

What is a blood clot here called/cause?

Answer 36

Cavernous sinus thrombosis Clotting of blood

Question 37

Where do the inferior ophthalmic veins connect?

Answer 37

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 38

What fossa do the ophthalmic veins move into? (After inferior original fissure)

Answer 38

The infratemporal fossa

Question 39

Where can the inferior ophthalmic veins cause an abscess?

Answer 39

The infratemporal fossa

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

What is this plexus called?

Answer 41

Question 42

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 42

Auriculotemporal nerve (gland) and the great auricular nerve

Question 43

What muscles of facial expression does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 43

Question 44

What muscles of facial expression does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 44

Question 45

What muscles of facial expression does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 45

Question 46

What muscles does the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve inervate?

Answer 46

Question 47

Answer 47

Question 48

What are the elevator muscles of the upper lip?

Answer 48

Zygomaticus minor Levetator labii superioris Nasalis Zygomaticus major

Question 49

What are the depressor muscles of the lips?

Answer 49

Depressor labii inferioris Platysma Depressor anguli oris Mentalis

Question 50

What are the retractor muscles of the mouth?

Answer 50

Zygomaticus major Depressor anguli oris Risorius Platysma