Scalp Flashcards
What connects the occipital is and the frontalis?
Epicranial aponeurosis
What allows free movement of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Loose alveolar tissue or loose connective tissue
How many layers is the loose alveolar tissue composed of?
3
What is the pericranium?
Is the pericardium of the bone
How to most structure in the scalp attach to the pericranium?
Sharpey’s fibres
Connective tissue
What is the nerve supply of the occipitofrontalis?
Frontal belly Temporal branches of Facial n VII
Occipital belly - posterior auricular nerve Branch of facial nerveJ
What nerves supply the scalp?
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
What blood vessels supply the scalp? - supraorbital and supra trochlear
Ophthalmic artery
What blood vessels supply the scalp? - superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital?
External carotid artery
What vein drains the supraorbital and supragrochlear?
Facial vein
Why will a wound to the scalp gape?
If it hits the aponeurosis
Need to hold together
What is the aponeurosis?
A thin but tough layer of the fibrous tendinitis tissue and is the site at which the occipitofrontalis muscle inserts into tissue of the scalp
What are the emissary veins?
Veins which pass through formania in the skull to provide a venous communication between Duran venous sinuses and veins of the scalp or veins inferior to skull base
What are the dural venous sinuses?
Refer to multiple venous channels within the cranial cavity, which are sandwiched between the 2 layers of the dura mater
What are the layers of the meninges - inner to outer?
Pia mater
Arachnoid - web-like structure filled with fluid to cushion brain
Dura mater - tough outer layer
What does the dural venous sinuses receive blood from?
Veins associated with the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem
What does the dural venous sinuses drain into?
Interval jugular vein
Do emissary veins have valves?
No
Where do the emissary veins travel from and to?
Viscerocranium to the neurocranium
What veins does the emissary veins connect?
The dural venous sinuses and the veins external to the skull
What is the function of the emissary veins?
Provide cooling if the brain and alternative drainage route of the brain in case if obstruction if dural venous sinuses
Do the emissary veins spread infection?
Yes, provide pathway for spreading of the extra cranial infections to neurocranium
Where can the emissary veins spread infection?
Transmitted from the scalp to the cranial cavity
What is a specific disease which can arise from emissary veins carrying infection?
Meningitis
Blood clot to brain
What arteries carry blood to face?
Facial artery
Superficial temporal artery
Transverse facial artery
Supratrochlear artery
Supraorbital
What are the veins of the face?
What vein is this and what does it drain into?
Angular vein
Drains into facial vein
What vein is this and what does it drain into?
Supra orbital vein
Drains into superior ophthalmic vein
What can an infection in the face (veins) cause?
Can travel through the orphanage,I’d veins and into the cranial cavity
Specifically the venous sinuses
Here it is the cavernous sinus
Cause cavernous sinus thrombosis
What is a blood clot here called/cause?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Clotting of blood
Where do the inferior ophthalmic veins connect?
Inferior orbital fissure
What fossa do the ophthalmic veins move into? (After inferior original fissure)
The infratemporal fossa
Where can the inferior ophthalmic veins cause an abscess?
The infratemporal fossa
What is this plexus called?
What nerve innervates the parotid gland?
Auriculotemporal nerve (gland) and the great auricular nerve
What muscles of facial expression does the temporal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
What muscles of facial expression does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervate?
What muscles of facial expression does the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate?
What muscles does the marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve inervate?
What are the elevator muscles of the upper lip?
Zygomaticus minor
Levetator labii superioris
Nasalis
Zygomaticus major
What are the depressor muscles of the lips?
Depressor labii inferioris
Platysma
Depressor anguli oris
Mentalis
What are the retractor muscles of the mouth?
Zygomaticus major
Depressor anguli oris
Risorius
Platysma
