Skeletal - joint and their movement - Synovial

Question 1

Name structures A-G and give a brief definition

Answer 1

A = hyaline cartilage
Reduces friction, acts as a shock absorber

B = fibrous joint capsule

C= ligament
Joins bone to bone

D = Tendon
produces synovial fluid

E = synovial membrane
lubricates the joint

F = synovial fluid
lubricates the joint

G = muscles

Question 2

What is the purpose of synovial joints?

Answer 2

Designed to allow smooth, gliding movements

Question 3

What are 2 example of synovial plane joints?

Answer 3

carpals - intercarpal
tarsals - intertarsal articulations

Question 4

What synovial joint is shown here?

Answer 4

synovial plane joints

Question 5

What movement occurs in synovial plane joints?

Answer 5

only small gliding movement

Present in areas that require a small degree of flexibility but also stability

Question 6

What do synovial plane joints provide?

Answer 6

Present in areas that require a small degree of flexibility but also stability

Question 7

What are 2 examples of a synovial saddle joint/ double-planar joints?

Answer 7

sternoclavicular joint and the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 8

What synovial joint is shown here?

Answer 8

synovial saddle joints

Question 9

What is the name of this joint (specific)?

Answer 9

carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb

Question 10

What is the name of this joint (specific)?

Answer 10

sternoclavicular joint

Question 11

What movement occurs in a synovial saddle joint?

Answer 11

Permit two angular movements at right angles to each other (e.g. to & from and side to side)

Question 12

What are 2 examples of synovial hinge joints?

Answer 12

Examples of simple hinge joints are the elbow and the interphalangeal joints of the fingers

Question 13

What movement can occur in a synovial hinge joint?

Answer 13

Hinge joints permit movement in one plane – flexion and extension

Question 14

What is an example of a modified hinge joint?

Answer 14

The temperomandibular joint is a modified hinge (also called bicondyloid).

Question 15

Describe the temperomandibular joint as a modified hinge joint and its movements.

Answer 15

It contains a cartilagenous disc that divides the joint into 2 compartments which permit limited side to side and anterior / posterior movements as well as the classic hinge motion

Question 16

What synovial joint is this an example of and name the specific joint

Answer 16

synovial hinge joint

elbow

Question 17

What are 2 examples of a synovial pivot joint?

Answer 17

1. head of the radius rotating in a ring formed by the annular ligament and the ulna
2. the anterior arch of the atlas with the odontoid peg of the axis in the neck

Question 18

What movement to synovial pivot joints allow?

Answer 18

only permit rotation

Question 19

What is the definition of a rotation joint?

Answer 19

Rotation is defined as the movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis

Question 20

What synovial joint is this an example of?

Answer 20

synovial pivot joint

Question 21

What are 2 examples of a synovial ellipsoid joint?

Answer 21

wrist and the meta-carpophalangeal joints of the digits

Question 22

What are synovial pivot joints also called?

Answer 22

condyloid joints

Question 23

What movement do synovial ellipsoid joints permit?

Answer 23

Permit movement in more than one plane – flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction

Question 24

Does the ellipsoid joint allow rotation?

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

What synovial joint is this an example of?

Answer 25

Synovial ellipsoid joints

• Joint surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other

Question 26

Name 2 examples of a ball and socket joint

Answer 26

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and the hip joint

Question 27

Describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 27

Rounded head (ball) fits into bony socket

Question 28

What range of movements does a synovial ball and socket joint allow?

Answer 28

Permits widest range of movements of all synovial joints

Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation

Question 29

Name these joints and what type of synovial joint are they?

Answer 29

2. glenohumeral joint

ball and socket joint

Question 30

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 30

Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints

connective tissue for diarthrodial joints

Question 31

What makes the shoulder girl]dle?

Answer 31

scapula and clavicle

Question 32

What is the pocket in the scapula called?

Answer 32

glenoid fossa

Question 33

Where would you find articular cartilage?

Answer 33

the articulating surfaces between bone

Question 34

What collagen predominates in articular cartilage?

Answer 34

type II

Question 35

What substances are found/make up the articular cartilage?

Answer 35

Type II collagen
proteoglycans (aggrecan)
chondrocytes (manage ECM -healthy cartilage)

Question 36

What is the role of aggrecan in the articular cartilage?

Answer 36

Pull in lots of water
can withstand compressive loads

Question 37

What is the role of articular cartilage?

Answer 37

Articular cartilage is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone.

Question 38

Where does the articular cartilage have a projenitor cel population?

Answer 38

surface

Question 39

What do chondrocytes do?

Answer 39

cells responsible for cartilage formation

Question 40

What are the ligaments on the outside of the knee, laterally and medially?

Answer 40

collateral

Question 41

What are the ligaments located inside the knee?

Answer 41

cruciate