Skeletal - joint and their movement - Synovial Flashcards
Name structures A-G and give a brief definition
A = hyaline cartilage
Reduces friction, acts as a shock absorber
B = fibrous joint capsule
C= ligament
Joins bone to bone
D = Tendon
produces synovial fluid
E = synovial membrane
lubricates the joint
F = synovial fluid
lubricates the joint
G = muscles
What is the purpose of synovial joints?
Designed to allow smooth, gliding movements
What are 2 example of synovial plane joints?
carpals - intercarpal
tarsals - intertarsal articulations
What synovial joint is shown here?
synovial plane joints
What movement occurs in synovial plane joints?
only small gliding movement
Present in areas that require a small degree of flexibility but also stability
What do synovial plane joints provide?
Present in areas that require a small degree of flexibility but also stability
What are 2 examples of a synovial saddle joint/ double-planar joints?
sternoclavicular joint and the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
What synovial joint is shown here?
synovial saddle joints
What is the name of this joint (specific)?
carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
What is the name of this joint (specific)?
sternoclavicular joint
What movement occurs in a synovial saddle joint?
Permit two angular movements at right angles to each other (e.g. to & from and side to side)
What are 2 examples of synovial hinge joints?
Examples of simple hinge joints are the elbow and the interphalangeal joints of the fingers
What movement can occur in a synovial hinge joint?
Hinge joints permit movement in one plane – flexion and extension
What is an example of a modified hinge joint?
The temperomandibular joint is a modified hinge (also called bicondyloid).
Describe the temperomandibular joint as a modified hinge joint and its movements.
It contains a cartilagenous disc that divides the joint into 2 compartments which permit limited side to side and anterior / posterior movements as well as the classic hinge motion
What synovial joint is this an example of and name the specific joint
synovial hinge joint
elbow
What are 2 examples of a synovial pivot joint?
- head of the radius rotating in a ring formed by the annular ligament and the ulna
- the anterior arch of the atlas with the odontoid peg of the axis in the neck
What movement to synovial pivot joints allow?
only permit rotation
What is the definition of a rotation joint?
Rotation is defined as the movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis
What synovial joint is this an example of?
synovial pivot joint
What are 2 examples of a synovial ellipsoid joint?
wrist and the meta-carpophalangeal joints of the digits
What are synovial pivot joints also called?
condyloid joints
What movement do synovial ellipsoid joints permit?
Permit movement in more than one plane – flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
Does the ellipsoid joint allow rotation?
NO
What synovial joint is this an example of?
Synovial ellipsoid joints
- Joint surfaces are convex on one side and concave on the other
Name 2 examples of a ball and socket joint
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and the hip joint
Describe a ball and socket joint
Rounded head (ball) fits into bony socket
What range of movements does a synovial ball and socket joint allow?
Permits widest range of movements of all synovial joints
Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation
Name these joints and what type of synovial joint are they?
- glenohumeral joint
ball and socket joint
What is articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is the smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints
connective tissue for diarthrodial joints
What makes the shoulder girl]dle?
scapula and clavicle
What is the pocket in the scapula called?
glenoid fossa
Where would you find articular cartilage?
the articulating surfaces between bone
What collagen predominates in articular cartilage?
type II
What substances are found/make up the articular cartilage?
Type II collagen
proteoglycans (aggrecan)
chondrocytes (manage ECM -healthy cartilage)
What is the role of aggrecan in the articular cartilage?
Pull in lots of water
can withstand compressive loads
What is the role of articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage is a thin layer of specialized connective tissue with unique viscoelastic properties. Its principal function is to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for low friction articulation and to facilitate the transmission of loads to the underlying subchondral bone.
Where does the articular cartilage have a projenitor cel population?
surface
What do chondrocytes do?
cells responsible for cartilage formation
What are the ligaments on the outside of the knee, laterally and medially?
collateral
What are the ligaments located inside the knee?
cruciate
