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V - KCU - CP (T1) - OMS1 > Thoracic Wall And Cavities (Ch. 4: p. 291 - 311) > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall And Cavities (Ch. 4: p. 291 - 311) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum (heart, vessels, trachea etc.)

L pul. Cavity
R. Pul. Cavity

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2
Q

Define the true thoracic wall

A

Thoracic cage, the intercostal muscles, skin, tissue, fascia, etc on the anterior portion, not the posterior portion

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3
Q

What are the three types of ribs

A

True
False
Floating (Free)

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4
Q

Define True Ribs

Number?
Aka
Special why?

A

Number 1 - 7
Aka vertebrocostal ribs

Attach directly to sternum through own costal cartilage

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5
Q

Define False Ribs

Number
Aka
Special why

A

Ribs 8 - 10
Aka vertebrochondral ribs

Connected to sternum through cartilage of rib above them

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6
Q

Define Floating ribs

Number
Aka
Special why

A

11, 12

Aka vertebral ribs

End in posterior abdominal muscles

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7
Q

Define typical ribs

Number

Special why?

A

3 - 9

Has head with 2 facets

Tubercles

Body with costal angle

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8
Q

How do typical ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebra

A

Attache to superior costal facet of same number vertebra, as well as inferior costal facet of vertebra superior to it

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9
Q

What are some distinguishing characteristics of rib #1

A

Broadest and shortest

Has 1 facet for articulation with T1

Has two grooves for subclavian V (ant.) and subclavian A. (Post.)

Has scalene tubercle

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10
Q

Define scalene tubercle

A

Separates grooves on Rib #1

Attachment site for scalene M.

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11
Q

What is special about Rib #2

A

Has tuberosity for serratus Ant. M.

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12
Q

What is special about rib 11/12

A

No neck or tubercle and only 1 facet

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13
Q

What N. Is below Rib 12

A

Ant. Ramus of SN T12

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14
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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15
Q

Most superior notch of manubrium

A

Jugular notch

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16
Q

What attaches to the L and R clavicular notches

A

SC joints and clavicles

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17
Q

How many costal notches are there

A

7 for attachment of costal cartilage

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18
Q

What are the 4 transverse ridges of the sternum remnants of

A

4 sternebrae (primordial segments of sternum) which fuse around age 25

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19
Q

Where does the xiphoid process stop

A

T10

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20
Q

When is the xiphoid process ossified by

A

Age 40

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21
Q

What are the borders of the superior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly - T1
Laterally - 1st pair of ribs
Anteriorly - superior border of manubrium

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22
Q

What are the borders of the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Posteriorly - T12
Posteriolaterally - 11/12 ribs
Anteriolaterally - costal cartilage of ribs 7 - 10
Anteriorly by xiphisternal joint

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23
Q

All functions of inspiration

A

Muscles contract
Cavity increases
Pressure decreases
Ribs move up and out

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24
Q

All functions of expiration

A

Muscles relax
Cavity decreases
Pressure increases
Ribs move down and in

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25
Q

External intercostal muscles are responsible for what

A

Inspiration

26
Q

Internal and innermost intercostal muscles are responsible for what

A

Expiration

27
Q

The NVB bundle runs where in regards to the rib

A

Under the rib that it corresponds with

28
Q

The NVB runs where in regards to the intercostal muscles

A

Between the internal and innermost

29
Q

External Intercostal M.

O
I
N
A
A
A

O: inferior border of ribs (posteriorly)

I:
Superior border of rib below (points anteriorly)

N: Intercostal N.

A: Elevate Ribs

Art:

30
Q

Which direction do the External Intercostal ribs point

A

Anteriorly

31
Q

The EIM’s are replaced by what anteriorly

A

Ant. Intercostal Membrane

32
Q

The EIM and IIM run how in regards to each other

A

Perpendicular

33
Q

Internal Intercostal M.

O
I
N
A
A
A

O: inferior border of ribs (anteriorly)

I: superior border of ribs (posteriorly)

N: Intercostal N.

A: Depress Ribs

Art:

34
Q

How do the IIM point

A

Point posteriorly

35
Q

What is the IIm replaced by posteriorly

A

The posterior intercostal membrane

36
Q

Innermost Intercostal M.

O
I
N
A
A
A

O: inferior border of ribs

I: superior border of rib below

N: Intercostal N.

A: unknown

A:

37
Q

Define manubriosternal joint

A

Symphysis joint at the sternal notch

Brings together manubrium with body of sternum

38
Q

Define xiphisternal joint

A

Primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis) joint at 7th costal notch

Brings together body with xiphoid process

39
Q

Define the sternocostal joint

A

Planar synovial joint (2 - 7) [rib 1 is a synchondrosis]

Bound by ant./post. Radiate Sternocostal L.

Brings together sternum and costal cartilages

40
Q

Define costochondral joint

A

Synchondrosis joint

Brings together ribs with costal cartilage

41
Q

What is the Dx of a sternocostal joint vs a costochondral joint

A

Sternocostal joint = dislocation

Costochondral joint = separation

42
Q

Define costovertebral joint (type)

What is it bound by

What does it brings together

A

Planar synovial joint

Bound by
Radiate L. [head of rib to vertebral body]
Intraarticular L. [head of rib to the interverterbal disc]
Articular capsule (strongest anteriorly as the radiate L.)

Brings together ribs and vertebra

43
Q

Define costotransverse joint (type)

what two L.’s are associated with it and what do they connect

What does it bring together

A

Planar synovial joint

Bound by superior costotransverse L.’s - neck of the rib to the transverse process one vertebral segment superiorly

and

lateral costotransverse L.’s - tubercle of the rib to the transverse process

Joins ribs to transverse processes

44
Q

First rib fx is due to what

A

Severe trauma

45
Q

Which ribs are most commonly fx

A

Middle ribs

46
Q

Rib fx usually result from what

A

Blows or crush injuries

47
Q

Where is the weakest part of the rib

A

Just anterior to its angle

48
Q

Define rib movement with flail chest

A

Paradoxical (counter movement)

49
Q

Which approach to a thoracotomy is more satisfactory of entry into chest wall

A

Lateral approach

50
Q

What is more common, cervical ribs or extra lumbar ribs

A

Cervical

51
Q

Ossified xiphoid process may produce what in the elderly

A

A feeling of a “pit in their stomach”

They think it’s cancer

52
Q

A sternal fx is usually what/ displacement of the bone fragment is not likely due to what

A

A comminuted fx.

Not likely due to deep fascia

53
Q

Most common site for sternal fx. In the elderly

A

The sternal angle which result sin a dislocation of the manubriosternal joint

54
Q

The sternal body is often used for what procedure

A

Bone marrow needle biopsy

55
Q

Define complete sternal cleft

A

Heart protrudes from sternum (ectopia cordis)

56
Q

Define sternal foramen

A

Hole in sternum due to incomplete fusion

57
Q

Define pectus excavatum

A

Funnel chest, receding in

58
Q

Define pectus carinatum

A

Projecting chest

59
Q

Paralysis of the diaphragm involves what N.?

A

The phrenic N.

60
Q

Chest tube is usually inserted where

A

5th or 6th intercostal space laterally

61
Q

What does the superior articular facet of a typical rib articulate with

A

The inferior costal demifacet of the thoracic vertebral body one segment superiorly

62
Q

What does the inferior articular fact of typical ribs articulate with

A

Articulates with the superior costal demifacet on the thoracic vertebra of the same level

V - KCU - CP (T1) - OMS1 (23 decks)

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