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V - KCU - CP (T1) - OMS1 > Lower Respritory Tract (Ch. 4: p. 331 - 347) > Flashcards

Lower Respritory Tract (Ch. 4: p. 331 - 347) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three surfaces of the lungs

A

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

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2
Q

What are the three borders of the lungs

A

Anterior - thin
Posterior - tall and columnar
Inferior - along diaphragmatic surface

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3
Q

What are the two fissures of the right lung

A

Oblique and horizontal

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4
Q

What is the fissure of the left lung

A

Oblique fissure

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5
Q

What are the two special characteristics of the L lung

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

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6
Q

Where do the costal and mediastinal surfaces meet

A

At the anterior border

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7
Q

What separates the diaphragmatic surface from the other two

A

The inferior border

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8
Q

Where do the costal and mediastinal surface meet

A

At the posterior border

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9
Q

What is the pulmonary L.

A

A double layer of pleura with some connective tissue

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10
Q

What does the costodiaphragmatic recess hold

A

The inferior border during inspiration

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11
Q

What does the costomediastinal recess hold

A

The anterior and inferior border during inspiration

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12
Q

What are the parts of the parietal pleura

A

Cervical pleura (most superior)

Costal pleura (anteriolateral)

Diaphragmatic pleura (inferior)

Mediastinal pleura (medially)

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13
Q

Trachea is made up of what

A

Disconnected cartilaginous rings

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14
Q

Do the bronchioles have cartilage?

A

No

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15
Q

What is the basic structural unit of gas exchange

A

Pulmonary alveoli

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16
Q

What substance keeps alveoli inflated

A

Surfactant

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17
Q

Parasympathetic fibers arise from that N and are what type of fibers

A

Arise from Vagus N. And are presynaptic fibers

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18
Q

What are parasympathetic fibers responsible for

A

Motor of smooth muscle - bronchio constriction

Inhibitory of pul. Vessels - vasodilation

Secretory to glands

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19
Q

What do pre-synaptic parasympathetic fibers synapse with and where

A

Synapse with parasympathetic ganglion cells in pulmonary plexus.

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20
Q

What type of fibers are sympathetic fibers

A

Postsynaptic fibers

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21
Q

What are sympathetic fibers responsible for

A

Inhibit bronchial muscle - brionchodialation

Motor to bronchial vessels - vasoconstriction

Inhibit glands - especially Type II secretory epithelial cells

22
Q

What are the two branches of the visceral afferent fibers of the pulmonary plexus and what do they travel with

A

Reflexive - accompany paraysmpathetic fibers

Nocieptive (pain) - accompany sympathetic fibers

23
Q

The skin dermatione sends signals to where

A

The posterior horn

24
Q

Myotome receives signals from where

A

Anterior horn

25
Q

Pre-synaptic fibers connect how

A

To the anterior rami via white communicating ramus

26
Q

Post-synaptic fibers connect where and by what

A

Pass from ganglia of sympathetic trunk via gray rami to join anterior rami

27
Q

Bronchial A. Is what for the lungs

A

Blood supply

28
Q

What does the right brachial V. Drain into

A

The azygos V.

29
Q

What does the Left brachial V. Drain into

A

Hemi-azygos V.

30
Q

The cervical pleura is higher in who

A

Infants and young children due to the shortness of their necks

31
Q

Define secondary atelectasis

A

Collapse of a previously inflated lung

32
Q

Define primary atelectasis

A

Failure of the lung to inflate at birth

33
Q

What is the normal pressure of the lungs

A

About -2 mmHg

34
Q

What does the lung pressure become with inspiration

A

About -8 mmHg

35
Q

When the lung collapses, what happens

A

Air or fluid accumulates in pleural cavity which becomes a real space

This causes the lung to collapse due to loss of surface tension

36
Q

The mediastinum shifts how with a collapsed lung

A

To the affected side

37
Q

Chest tube should be directed how for air removal vs how for fluid removal

A

Superiorly vs inferiorly

38
Q

Define lung decortication

A

Accumulation of a resistant fibrous covering due to excess fluid that restricts lung movement

39
Q

Inflammation fo the pleural cavity and or loss of pleural fluid

A

Pleuritis

40
Q

What is heard with pleuritis

A

Pleural rub

41
Q

What is responsible for the cough reflex

A

The carina

42
Q

Define cor pulmonale

A

RA and RV distended due to increase blood volume and inability of blood to be pushed through the pulmonary circuit due to PE

43
Q

What other N. Can be involved in apical lung cancer besides the phrenic N.

A

Recurrent laryngeal N.

44
Q

Which part of the parietal pleura is most sensitive to pain

A

The costal pleura

45
Q

Can the visceral pleura feel pain

A

No

46
Q

Where can referred pain from pleural pain be located

A

Root of the neck, over the shoulder

47
Q

What are lines of pleural reflection

A

Abrupt changes in the direction of parietal pleura

48
Q

Define Sternal Line of Pleural Reflection

A

Costal pleura becomes Mediastinal Pleura anteriorly

49
Q

Define Costal Line of Pleural Reflection

A

Costal Pleura becomes diaphragmatic pleura

50
Q

Define vertebral line of pleural reflection

A

Costal pleura becomes mediastinal pleura posteriorly

V - KCU - CP (T1) - OMS1 (23 decks)

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