Great Arteries And Veins (EMB) Flashcards
Define mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue from mesoderm
Define vasculogenesis
Where and when does it occur and from what
Formation of new vascular channels by assembly of individual cell precursors called angioblasts
Occurs in embryo from mesoderm at the end of the third week
Define angiogenesis
Development of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels
Occurs after birth
Define arteriogenesis
Remodeling of existing arteries in response to changes
Define capillary hemagioma
Excessive growth of small capillary networks that produces cherry angiomas
Define cavernous hemagioma and what can it cause
Proliferation of large dilated vascular channels
Can cause hemangioma of infancy (benign tumor in caucasian infants consisting of endothelial cells)
The aortic arches arise from what
The dorsal aorta
When is the first aortic arch formed and what does it supply
In the 4th week
Supplies the 1st pharyngeal arch
The ventral segmental arteries supply what
The splanchnic layer of LPM and endoderm
The lateral segmental A. Supplies what
Intermediate mesoderm derivatives
The dorsal segmental arteries supply what
The derivatives of somites
LRLN wraps around what
RRLN wraps around what
What causes this
L - under AoA
R - under SCA
Caused due to asymetrical growth of the AoA
Increased oxygen in the neonatal circulation leads to what
Descreasd prostaglandins and increased bradykinin
What is the ligamentum teres
What is the ligamentum arteriosum
Teres - remnant of umbilical vein
Arteriosum - remnant of ductus arteriosus
Define preductal coarction of the Ao
Where does it occur, how does the baby present, and what does the baby need to live
Occurs before the DA
The baby is cyanotic and needs prostoglandin
Define postductal coarctation of the Ao.
What are the clinical signs
What does the neonatal circulatory system do to compensate
Occurs after DA
Neonatal circulation will create collateral circulation to help
Normal pulses in the UE, but decrease in LE
Define double AoA.
What does it result from
What does it form
What are the symptoms
Result from Persistence of the distal portion of the right dorsal aorta
Forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus
Presents as stridor, resp. Infection and distress, wheezing, cough, etc
Define interrupted aortic Arch
What does it come from
How does it present
What is ti also associated with
Arises from both R and L 4th aortic arch arteries being obliterated while the distal R dorsal aorta is retained
Presents as weakness, fatigue, poor breathing, tachycardia, hypoxia
Associated with DiGeorge syndrome (hypocalcemia and developmental delay)
Define R AoA
What causes it and how can it present
Caused by left 4th arch and left dorsal aorta are obliterated and replaced by corresponding vessels on the right side
If lig. Arteriosum lies on the left and passes behind esophagus, swallowing can be affected.
What do the cardinals and vitelline Veins do
Take oxygen poor blood from body to the heart
What do the umbilical veins do
Take oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the heart
What does the vitelline V. Do within the liver
R and R/L
R - forms hepatic V.
R and L - form portal vein
Which Vitelline V. Will degenerate
L
What does the L umbillical vein do
Anastomoses with ductus venosus and provides placental return
What happens to the R umbilical vein
Degenerates entirely
What does the L and R ANterior cardinal Veins do
R - forms internal jugular and SVC
L - forms L brachiocephalic V
What does the posterior cardinal V do
When does this happen
Posterior system degenerates except for root of azygos and common iliac V.
Replaced by subcardinal and supracardinal veins
Occurs int he 4th week
Define L SVC
What does it comers from and what is the clinical relevance
Persistence of left anterior cardinal V. And obliteration of the common cardinal
SVC now has to dump into the CS
Define double SVC
What does it come from
Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and failure of the left brachiocephalic V. To form
The 7th intersegmental A. Gives rise to what
The LSCA
What does the internal thoracic A. Come from
The anastamosis of the thoracic intersegmental A.’s
What does the cervical anastamoses form
The vertebral A.
