Great Arteries And Veins (EMB)

Question 1

Define mesenchyme

Answer 1

Embryonic connective tissue from mesoderm

Question 2

Define vasculogenesis

Where and when does it occur and from what

Answer 2

Formation of new vascular channels by assembly of individual cell precursors called angioblasts

Occurs in embryo from mesoderm at the end of the third week

Question 3

Define angiogenesis

Answer 3

Development of blood vessels from pre-existing vessels

Occurs after birth

Question 4

Define arteriogenesis

Answer 4

Remodeling of existing arteries in response to changes

Question 5

Define capillary hemagioma

Answer 5

Excessive growth of small capillary networks that produces cherry angiomas

Question 6

Define cavernous hemagioma and what can it cause

Answer 6

Proliferation of large dilated vascular channels

Can cause hemangioma of infancy (benign tumor in caucasian infants consisting of endothelial cells)

Question 7

The aortic arches arise from what

Answer 7

The dorsal aorta

Question 8

When is the first aortic arch formed and what does it supply

Answer 8

In the 4th week

Supplies the 1st pharyngeal arch

Question 9

The ventral segmental arteries supply what

Answer 9

The splanchnic layer of LPM and endoderm

Question 10

The lateral segmental A. Supplies what

Answer 10

Intermediate mesoderm derivatives

Question 11

The dorsal segmental arteries supply what

Answer 11

The derivatives of somites

Question 12

LRLN wraps around what
RRLN wraps around what

What causes this

Answer 12

L - under AoA
R - under SCA

Caused due to asymetrical growth of the AoA

Question 13

Increased oxygen in the neonatal circulation leads to what

Answer 13

Descreasd prostaglandins and increased bradykinin

Question 14

What is the ligamentum teres

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 14

Teres - remnant of umbilical vein

Arteriosum - remnant of ductus arteriosus

Question 15

Define preductal coarction of the Ao

Where does it occur, how does the baby present, and what does the baby need to live

Answer 15

Occurs before the DA

The baby is cyanotic and needs prostoglandin

Question 16

Define postductal coarctation of the Ao.

What are the clinical signs

What does the neonatal circulatory system do to compensate

Answer 16

Occurs after DA

Neonatal circulation will create collateral circulation to help

Normal pulses in the UE, but decrease in LE

Question 17

Define double AoA.

What does it result from
What does it form
What are the symptoms

Answer 17

Result from Persistence of the distal portion of the right dorsal aorta

Forms a vascular ring around the trachea and esophagus

Presents as stridor, resp. Infection and distress, wheezing, cough, etc

Question 18

Define interrupted aortic Arch

What does it come from
How does it present

What is ti also associated with

Answer 18

Arises from both R and L 4th aortic arch arteries being obliterated while the distal R dorsal aorta is retained

Presents as weakness, fatigue, poor breathing, tachycardia, hypoxia

Associated with DiGeorge syndrome (hypocalcemia and developmental delay)

Question 19

Define R AoA

What causes it and how can it present

Answer 19

Caused by left 4th arch and left dorsal aorta are obliterated and replaced by corresponding vessels on the right side

If lig. Arteriosum lies on the left and passes behind esophagus, swallowing can be affected.

Question 20

What do the cardinals and vitelline Veins do

Answer 20

Take oxygen poor blood from body to the heart

Question 21

What do the umbilical veins do

Answer 21

Take oxygen rich blood from the placenta to the heart

Question 22

What does the vitelline V. Do within the liver

R and R/L

Answer 22

R - forms hepatic V.

R and L - form portal vein

Question 23

Which Vitelline V. Will degenerate

Answer 23

L

Question 24

What does the L umbillical vein do

Answer 24

Anastomoses with ductus venosus and provides placental return

Question 25

What happens to the R umbilical vein

Answer 25

Degenerates entirely

Question 26

What does the L and R ANterior cardinal Veins do

Answer 26

R - forms internal jugular and SVC

L - forms L brachiocephalic V

Question 27

What does the posterior cardinal V do

When does this happen

Answer 27

Posterior system degenerates except for root of azygos and common iliac V.

Replaced by subcardinal and supracardinal veins

Occurs int he 4th week

Question 28

Define L SVC

What does it comers from and what is the clinical relevance

Answer 28

Persistence of left anterior cardinal V. And obliteration of the common cardinal

SVC now has to dump into the CS

Question 29

Define double SVC

What does it come from

Answer 29

Persistence of the left anterior cardinal vein and failure of the left brachiocephalic V. To form

Question 30

The 7th intersegmental A. Gives rise to what

Answer 30

The LSCA

Question 31

What does the internal thoracic A. Come from

Answer 31

The anastamosis of the thoracic intersegmental A.’s

Question 32

What does the cervical anastamoses form

Answer 32

The vertebral A.