DSA - Anatomy Of Autonomics

Question 1

How is the PNS divided

Answer 1

Sensory (afferent):

somatic (touch, pain, pressure etc.)

Visceral (stretch, pain, temp, irritation, internal body organs)

Motor (efferent):

Somatic (skeletal muscles)

ANS (motor innervation of smooth and cardiac muscles) - Sympathetic (flight or fight) and Parasympathetic (rest and repose)

Question 2

ANS does what

Answer 2

Visceral motor and visceral sensory

Involuntary motor and sensation functions

Question 3

Where are the pre and post synaptic neurons located in ANS

Answer 3

Pre = in CNS
Post = in peripherally

Question 4

Define sympathetic ANS

Answer 4

Catabolic - expends energy

Flight or fight

Distributed throughout entire body

Question 5

Define parasympathetic ANS

Answer 5

Rest and digest

Distributed in head, neck, and body cavities

Not found in limbs

Question 6

Define length, branching, and neuroxmitter release for parasympathetic and sympathetic ANS

Answer 6

Sympathetic:

Long postsynaptic fibers
Highly branched
Adrenergic, release norepi

Parasympathetic:

Short postsynaptic fibers
Few branches - localized effect
Cholinergic, releases acetylcholine

Question 7

Where are the presynaptic neurons found in the sympathetic ANS and where do they exit from

Answer 7

Found in intermediolateral gray horn

Exit from spinal N. T1 - L2/3

Question 8

Where are the postsynaptic fibers of sympathetic ANS found

Answer 8

In the sympathetic trunks (on either side of vertebral column)

Question 9

The axons of the sympathetic division leave the spinal cord via what

Answer 9

The ventral roots

Question 10

Where is white rami found

Answer 10

From T1 - L2/3

Question 11

Where is gray rami found

Answer 11

Entire length of vertebral column

Question 12

What type of axons are sent from the sympathetic presynaptic neurons in the intermediolateral horn to the spinal N.

Answer 12

MYELINATED

Question 13

Where are the thoracic splanchnic N. Found

Answer 13

In abdomen and pelvis

Question 14

Describe the thoracic splanchnic N.

Answer 14

The presynaptic axon exits the chain via the thoracic splanchnic N. To synapse in the collateral ganglia located in the abdomen. Then follow blood vessels to organs

Question 15

Describe the cardiopulmonary splanchnic N.

Answer 15

Transmit postsynaptic sympathetic axons to the heart and lungs having already synapsed within the cervical ganglia of the sympathetic chain

Question 16

Define the role of the adrenal medulla

Answer 16

Major organ on the sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic preganglia fibers synapse on medullary chromaffin cells which release norepi and epi when stimulated

Question 17

What are the two outflows of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

Cranial - innervates head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

Sacral - innervates organs of the pelvis and lower abdomen

Question 18

Where are the presynaptic cell bodies of the parasympathetic ANS located and where do the axons run

Answer 18

In the visceral motor region of the intermediolateral column

Axons run in ventral roots and out via the ventral rami

Question 19

Where do presynaptic parasympathetic ANS neurons innervate

Answer 19

Synapse with postsynaptic neurons within the organ they innervate

Question 20

The axons of presynaptic parasympathetic neurons leave the brainstem in what CN?

Answer 20

CN III, VII, IX, & X

Question 21

The postsynaptic neurons associates with CN III, VII, and IX are located in what four ganglia and what do they innervate

Answer 21

Ciliary
Pterygopalatine
Submandibular
Otic ganglia

All located near target organs

Innervate the smooth muscle in the eye, lacrimal and salivary glands, and nasal and oral mucosa