Thoracic Limb- Vascularization+innervation

Question 1

What are the branches of the subclavian arteries?

Answer 1

Axillary artery
Brachial artery
Median artery
Palmar common digital artery

Question 2

What are the differences in the aortic arch/subclavian artery in different species?

Answer 2

In horses and ruminants the aortic arch gives rise to brachiocephalic trunk, which divides into subclavian arteries and common carotid artery
In carnivores and pigs the aortic arch gives rise to the left subclavian artery separately and the brachiocephalic trunk divides into the right subclavian artery and the common carotid artery

Question 3

What does the axillary artery give rise to?

Answer 3

External thoracic artery
Suprascapular artery
Subscapular artery ( thoracodorsal, caudal circumflex numeral, circumflex scapular arteries)
Cranial circumflex humeral artery

Question 4

What does the brachial artery give rise to?

Answer 4

Medial side
Deep brachial artery (collateral radial artery, radial nerve +hiatus)
Biccipital artery
Collateral ulnar artery (ulnar nerve)
Transverse ulnar artery
Common interosseous artery

Question 5

What does the median artery give rise to?

Answer 5

Medial-cranially
Radial artery
Palmar carpal branch
Dorsal carpal branch

Question 6

What does the palmar common digital artery give rise to?

Answer 6

Medial-palmar

Medial and lateral branches

Question 7

What spinal nerves gives rise to the nerves of the thoracic limb?

Answer 7

Suprascapular and musculocutaneous N=C6+C7
Axillary nerve= C7+C8
Radial nerve= C7+C8+Th1

Question 8

Which are the nerves of the lateral wall of the thorax?

Answer 8

Cranial pectoral N (superficial pectoral M, subclavian M)
Caudal Pectoral N (deep pectoral M)
Long thoracic N (ventral serrate M, thorax)
Thoracodorsal N (latissimus dorsi)
Lateral thoracic N ( muscolucutaneous M, sensitivity of lateral skin of thorax+skin above triceps brachii
Intercostobrachial N (see above)

Question 9

What are the nerves of the proximal muscles of the thoracic wall?

Answer 9

Suprascapular N (supraspinous M, infraspinous M)
Subscapular N (subscapular muscle)
Axillary N ( deltoid, major teres, minor teres, cleidobrachial, sensitivity to skin from anterior surface of forearm)

Question 10

What are the terminal branches of the nerves in the thoracic limb?

Answer 10

Musculocutaneous N (coracobrachial, biceps brachii, brachialis, sensitivity to the skin from medial surface of the forearm)
Median N (radial flexor of carpus, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor, sensitivity to skin from palmar surface of the hand)
Ulnar N ( ulnar flexor of carpus, deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor, interosseous, sensitivity to skin from caudal surface of forearm, dorsolateral on hand and digits)
Radial N (triceps, anconeous, tensor muscle of antebrachial fascia, brachialis, radial extensor muscle of the Carpus, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, ulnar extensor muscle of the carpus, brachioradial is, supinator, sensitivity to the skin from lateral surface of arm and forearm)

Question 11

What does Cranial pectoral nerve innervate?

Answer 11

Superficial pectoral muscle

Subclavian muscle

Question 12

What does caudal pectoral muscle innervate?

Answer 12

Deep pectoral muscle

Question 13

What does long thoracic nerve innervate?

Answer 13

Ventral serrate muscle

Thorax

Question 14

What does thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

Answer 14

Latissimus dorsi

Question 15

What does lateral thoracic nerve and intercostaobrachial nerve innervate?

Answer 15

Musculocutaneous muscle

Sensitivity to lateral skin of thorax, and skin above triceps

Question 16

What does suprascapular nerve innervate?

Answer 16

Supraspinous muscle

Infraspinous muscle

Question 17

What does subscapular nerve innervate?

Answer 17

Subscapular muscle

Question 18

What does axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 18

Flexor muscles of the shoulder:
Deltoid muscle
Major teres muscle
Minor teres muscle
Cleidobrachial muscle
Sensitivity to skin from anterior surface of the forearm

Question 19

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 19

Flexor muscles of the elbow:
Coracobrachial muscle
Biceps brachii muscle
Brachialis muscle
Sensitivity to the skin from medial surface of the forearm

Question 20

What does the median nerve innervate?

Answer 20

Flexor muscles of carpus+digits+pronator muscles:
Radial flexor muscle of carpus
Deep digital flexor
Superficial digital flexor muscle
Sensitivity to the from palmar surface of hand

Question 21

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

Answer 21

Flexor muscles of carpus+digits:
Ulnar flexor muscle of carpus
Deep digital flexor
Superficial digital flexor
Interosseous muscle
Sensitivity to the skin from caudal surface of forearm, dorsolateral on hand and digits

Question 22

What does the radial nerve innervate?

Answer 22

Extensor muscles of thoracic limb (expt for shoulder), supinator:
Triceps muscle
Anconeous muscle
Tensor m scale of antebrachial fascia
Brachial muscle
Radial extensor muscle of the carpus
Common digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
Ulnar extensor muscle of the carpus
Mrachioradial muscle
Supinator muscle
Sensitivity to skin from lateral surface of arm and forearm