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Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the cardiovascular system derived from?

A

Mesoderm (middle germ layer)

Splachnopleura, by lateral plates

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2
Q

In what order is the heart created?

A

Blood islets in cephalic portion of embryo
Two endocardial tubes, migrates caudally
Tubes fuses forming primitive heart tube
Primitive heart tube forms into 5 chambers
Heart loop formation
Partitioning of the heart

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3
Q

Describe the heart looping

A

Primary heart tube grows, the pericardial sac doesn’t, forcing the heart tube to loop
Normal distribution of the heart chambers occurs

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4
Q

What are the five chambers created by the primitive heart tube?

A 
Arterial trunk (aorta+pulmonary artery)
Heart bulbs (right ventricle)
Ventricle (left ventricle)
Atrium (front parts of L+R atria)
Venous sinus (posterior part of R atria, SAN and coronary sinus)
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5
Q

Describe the partitioning of the heart

A

Endocardial cushions grows inwards forming a trio-ventricular canal, fuses to become intermediate septum dividing atria+ventricle
Formation of atrioventricular valves

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6
Q

Mitral valve

A

Bicuspid

Between LEFT atria and ventricle

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7
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between RIGHT atria and ventricle

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8
Q

Primary foramen

A

Primary interatrial septum grows ventrally leaving the primary foramen

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9
Q

Secondary foramen

A

Secondary interatrial septum grows dorsally leaving secondary foramen and closing primary foramen

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10
Q

Foramen oval

A

Primary and secondary foramen runs parallel leaving foramen ovale
Remains open until after birth

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11
Q

Interventricular septum/foramen

A

Wall between ventricles, with foramen allowing blood to pass between the ventricles

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12
Q

Spiroid septum

A

Closes interventricular foramen, closes communication between ventricles

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13
Q

Embryonic network

A

Primitive aorta and cardiac veins

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14
Q

Vitelline network

A

Vitelline arteries and veins
Gives rise to arteries (digestive, celiac, mesentric)
After birth

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15
Q

What are the 5 aortic arches in the embryonic network giving rise to?

A

1+2- maxillary artery
3- carotid system
4- left=aorta right= subclavian artery
5- pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Umbilical network

A

Iliac arteries
Vesicular arteries (urinary bladder)
Forms round ligament of urinary bladder

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17
Q

Cardinal/cardiac veins

A

Vena cava
Azygous vein
Renal vein
Ovarian/testicle veins

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18
Q

Vitteline veins

A

Caudal vena cava

Liver sinusids

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19
Q

Umbilical vein forms

A

Round ligament of the liver

Port vein

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20
Q

Blood circulation of fetus

A

Oxygenated blood from mother via placenta in umbilical VEINS
through liver draining in to portal vein and mixes with deoxygenated blood
Vena cava to R atrium-60% to L atrium via foramen ovale-L ventricle through mitral valve- aorta- rest of organism
Umbellical ARTERIES collect deoxygenated blood and back to placenta/mother

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21
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Via ductus arteriosus blood goes to aorta since lungs are collapsed in fetus=too high resistance
Closes after birth forming arterial ligament (shut off by increased pressure when lungs inflate)

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22
Q

What modulation occur after birth?

A

Lungs inflate increases pressure causing the closing of ductus arteriosus, absorbs blood from pulmonary artery
Embryonic circulation stops
CO2 increases causing contraction of inspiratory muscles
Fusion of interatrial septum due to high speed of blood

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23
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Still communication between pulmonary artery and aorta

Mixing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

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24
Q

Persistant 4th aortic arch

A

Pinches esophagus

Leading to megaesophagus

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25
Q

Mediastinum

A

Space between lungs where heart is situated (medial)

Cranial, medial and caudal part

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26
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
R ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding aorta

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27
Q

Where do you perform ascultation of heart?

A

3-6th rib, 7th in dogs/cats

Cardiac notch

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28
Q

Base of heart

A

Atriums

Dorsal-cranial

29
Q

Apex of heart

A

Ventricles (left)

Ventro-caudal

30
Q

Cardiac notches

A

Area not covered by lungs

Where auscultation is made

31
Q

Pericardium

A

Heart sac

Surrounds and protects heart

32
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Most external layer
Fixed ventrally to sternum by periosternal ligament
Fixed causally to diafraghm by pericardiophrenic ligament

33
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Most internal, 2 layers
Parietal- completely fused to fibrous pericardium, external
Visceral- internal, covers directly the heart, makes it look shiny

34
Q

Coronary groove

A

Coronary vessels
Separates atriums from ventricles
Surrounding all except cranial surface (pulmonary artery)
Lingitudinally

35
Q

Interventricular groove

A

Divides ventricles into Left (sinosidal) and Right (paraconial)

36
Q

Sinus of vena cava

A

Right atrium

Where vena canvas meet

37
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Sac on backside of right atria

Where coronary veins drain deoxygenated blood

38
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

Right atria
Between vena canvas
Helps pushing blood to ventricle

39
Q

Outlet of azygous vein

A

Right atria

Alternative path if vena cava is blocked

40
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between R atria and R ventricle

41
Q

SAN

A

Sino-atrial node
Right atrium
Pacemaker of the heart

42
Q

Oval fossa

A

Right atria

Remnants of foramen ovale

43
Q

Auricle/atrial appendage

A

Cavity/inner surface of atrium

44
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Left atrium

Leading oxygenated blood from lungs

45
Q

Mitral valve

A

Bicuspid

Between L atrium and ventricle

46
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Semilunar/sigmoid valve
Tricuspid
Between left atria and pulmonary arteries

47
Q

Septomarginal traneculae

A

From septum to lateral wall of R ventricle

Holds right branch of bundle of HIS

48
Q

Aortic valve

A

Semilunar/sigmoid valve
Tricuspid
Between left atria and aorta

49
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer of heart

Looks shiny

50
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle

51
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral serous pericardium

Looks shiny

52
Q

Sinus of vena cava

A

R atrium

Where cranial and caudal vena cava meet

53
Q

Coronary sinus

A

R atrium

Sac on the “back side” where coronary veins drains deoxygenated blood into atria

54
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

R atria
Btw vena cavas
Helps pushing blood into ventricle

55
Q

Outlet of azygous vein

A

R atria

Alternative path if vena cava is blocked

56
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Between R atria and R ventricle

57
Q

Sinoatrial node/SAN

A

R atria

Pacemaker of the heart

58
Q

Oval fossa

A

R atria

Remnants of foramen ovale

59
Q

Auricle/atrial appendage

A

Cavity/inner surface of atrium

60
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

L atria

Brings oxygenated blood from lungs

61
Q

Mitral valve

A

L atria, separates atria and ventricle

62
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from R ventricle to lungs through pulmonary valve

63
Q

Septomarginal trabeculae

A

From septum to lateral wall of ventricles
Holds parts of bundle of HIS
most visible in right ventricle

64
Q

Aorta

A

Brings oxygenated blood from left ventricle out to the body

65
Q

Endocardium

A

Internal layer of heart

Looks shiny

66
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle

Middle layer

67
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer
Visceral serous pericardium
Looks shiny

68
Q

Fibrous rings

A

Surrounding the valves on base of heart

69
Q

Fibrous Trigons

A

Hard area around the valves

At base of heart

Anatomy (17 decks)

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