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Final Exam Sf2 Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital derives from

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Stages of kidney development

A

Pronephros- most immature form
Mesonephros- responsible of forming ducts
Metanephros- most mature form, adult

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3
Q

Metanephros

A

Derived from caudal part of intermediate mesoderm
From renal blastema
Collecting system
Excretion system- renal vesicles to nephrons

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4
Q

Cloaca/urorectal septum

A

Divides into dorsal and ventral
Dorsal- anorectal duct
Ventral- urogenital sinus

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5
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

Vesicourethral duct-urinary bladder

Definitive urogenital sinus-urethra+prostate in male, urethra+caudal vagina+vaginal vestibule in females

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6
Q

Kidney excretory system

A

Filters 2-300 liters /day
Reabsorbs, leaving 1-2 liters of urine/day
Maintains homeostasis by reabsorbtion
Endocrine excretion of renin+erythropoeitin

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7
Q

Shape and borders of kidney

A

Bean-like
Lateral border-convex
Medial border-concave
Renal hilum/hilus- medial, all vessels come in/out
Urether caudal direction
Retroperitoneal space, no visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Structure of kidney

A

Renal cortex- lighter color, outermost

Renal medulla=innermost, darker color,renal pyramids

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9
Q

Renal lobule

A

Renal cortex+renal pyramid

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10
Q

Renal papilla

A

Apex of renal pyramids

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11
Q

Renal sinus

A

Medial portion of kidney

Space that Contains vessels and urether

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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Inside renal sinus

Wider proximal portion of ureter

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13
Q

Compound kidney

A

Independent lobules
No fusion of renal cortex
No renal pelvis
In marine/primitive animals

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14
Q

Lobulated kidneys

A

Partial diffusion of renal cortex
No renal pelvis
Always multilobar
Large ruminants/ox

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15
Q

Smooth kidneys

A

Have pelvis

Fusion of renal cortex

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16
Q

Multilobar/multipapillar smooth kidney

A

Individual renal pyramids

In pig and human

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17
Q

Unilobal/unipapillary smooth kidney

A

No individual real pyramids
Renal crest surrounds pelvis
Carnivores, small ruminants, equines

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18
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

Renal tubules

A

PCT
Loop of Henley
DCT

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20
Q

Kidney vascularization

A 
Renal artery- from abdominal aorta
Arcuate arteries
Interlobar arteries
Afferent and efferent glomerular arteries
Renal vein drains into caudal vena cava
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21
Q

Kidney innervation

A

Sympathetic innervation- celiac and cranial mesenteric plexus
Parasympathetic innervation- vagus N

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22
Q

Ligaments of urinary bladder

A

Ventral/medial ligaments
Lateral ligaments
Round ligament

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23
Q

Ventral/medial ligament of urinary bladder

A

Fix ventral surface to floor of abd.cavity/alba line

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24
Q

Lateral ligament of urinary bladder

A

Fix bladder laterally to pelvic wall

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25
Round ligament of urinary bladder
Fix apex to umbillicus
26
Primitive sex cords
Made by the genital ridge and arrival of primordial germ cells
27
Male gonad evolution
Primitive sex cords-> testicular cords->germ cells, Sertoli cells, leydig cells
28
Female gonad evolution
First generation of sex cords-> second generation of sex cords= follicles
29
Gonad differentiation in males
Mesonephros- efferent ducts Mesonephric ducts- deferent ducts Paramesonephric ducts- degenerates
30
Gonad differentiation in females
Mesonephros- degenerates Mesonephric ducts- degenerates Paramesonephric ducts- uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
31
Hypospadia
Male uretra opens up in wrong place
32
Seminiferous tubules
Structural and functional unit of testes
33
Testis orientation in carnivores+equines
Caudate pole caudal
34
Testes orientation in pigs
Caudate pole is dorsal
35
Testes orientation in ruminants
Caudate pole is ventral
36
Efferent duct
Duct of epididymis | Leading from testes to head and body of epididymis
37
Testicular sinus/bursa
Membrane connecting body of epididymis and testes
38
Ligament of the testicle
Connects tail of epididymis with testicle
39
Ejaculatory duct
Where vesicular glands open up and fuses w deferent ducts Before prostatic urethra In equine+ruminants
40
Vesicular gland
Paired gland Most cranial Absent in carnivores Prespermatic fraction
41
Prostate gland
Spermatic fraction
42
Bulbourethral gland
Most caudal Not in dogs Prespermatic fraction
43
Penis
2 cavernous bodies dorsally, covered by tunica albuginea and divided by median septum Spongy body surrounding urethra
44
Bulbospongious muscle
Ventrally to urethra | Controls amount of blood
45
Internal pudendal artery
From internal iliac artery | Supplies pelvic urethra, accessory glands
46
External pudendal artery
From external iliac artery | Supplies scrotum, vaginal tunic, prepuce
47
Testicular artery
Directly from abdominal artery | Supplies testicle, epididymis, deferent duct
48
Innervation of penis and prepuce
Pudendal nerve
49
Sympathetic innervation effects on penis
Retracts penis
50
Parasympathetic innervation effects on penis
Erects penis
51
Mesovarium
Part of broad ligament of the uterus
52
Suspensory ligament of ovary
The first to encounter in surgery | Fix ovaries to ribs cranially
53
Proper ligament of ovary
Caudal continuation From uterine horn to near vulva Through inguinal canal
54
Vascularization of ovaries
Ovarian artery- direct from abdominal aorta | L ovarian vein drains into renal vein
55
Ovarian bursa
Sac covering ovary | Mesosalpinx+mesovarium
56
Intercorneal ligament of ovary
Triangular ligament between tubes
57
Mesometrium
Biggest portion of broad ligament | Fix all to abdominal wall (body, neck, horns)
58
Uterine artery
From internal iliac artery | External iliac artery in equines
59
Mammary glands
Papillary portion- opens up to outside through papillary ducts and orifice Only one orifice/teat in cow
60
Vascularization of udder
External pudendal artery- from external iliac artery Superficial epigastric vein-“milk vein” Genitofemoral N+pudendal N to mammary glands
61
Spleen
Left side 3rd cranial in abd. Cavity Not protected by costal arch Visceral surface=splenic hilum
62
Ligaments of spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament- connects to greater omentum Renosplenic ligament- spleen to kidney Phronocolic ligament- connects to diaphragm and colon
63
Vascularization and innervation of spleen
Splenic artery+splenic vein->short gastric+L gastroepiploic | Splenic vein drains into portal vein

Anatomy (17 decks)

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