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Anatomy > Final Exam Sf2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Sf2 Flashcards

1
Q

Urogenital derives from

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Stages of kidney development

A

Pronephros- most immature form
Mesonephros- responsible of forming ducts
Metanephros- most mature form, adult

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3
Q

Metanephros

A

Derived from caudal part of intermediate mesoderm
From renal blastema
Collecting system
Excretion system- renal vesicles to nephrons

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4
Q

Cloaca/urorectal septum

A

Divides into dorsal and ventral
Dorsal- anorectal duct
Ventral- urogenital sinus

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5
Q

Urogenital sinus

A

Vesicourethral duct-urinary bladder

Definitive urogenital sinus-urethra+prostate in male, urethra+caudal vagina+vaginal vestibule in females

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6
Q

Kidney excretory system

A

Filters 2-300 liters /day
Reabsorbs, leaving 1-2 liters of urine/day
Maintains homeostasis by reabsorbtion
Endocrine excretion of renin+erythropoeitin

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7
Q

Shape and borders of kidney

A

Bean-like
Lateral border-convex
Medial border-concave
Renal hilum/hilus- medial, all vessels come in/out
Urether caudal direction
Retroperitoneal space, no visceral peritoneum

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8
Q

Structure of kidney

A

Renal cortex- lighter color, outermost

Renal medulla=innermost, darker color,renal pyramids

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9
Q

Renal lobule

A

Renal cortex+renal pyramid

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10
Q

Renal papilla

A

Apex of renal pyramids

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11
Q

Renal sinus

A

Medial portion of kidney

Space that Contains vessels and urether

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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Inside renal sinus

Wider proximal portion of ureter

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13
Q

Compound kidney

A

Independent lobules
No fusion of renal cortex
No renal pelvis
In marine/primitive animals

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14
Q

Lobulated kidneys

A

Partial diffusion of renal cortex
No renal pelvis
Always multilobar
Large ruminants/ox

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15
Q

Smooth kidneys

A

Have pelvis

Fusion of renal cortex

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16
Q

Multilobar/multipapillar smooth kidney

A

Individual renal pyramids

In pig and human

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17
Q

Unilobal/unipapillary smooth kidney

A

No individual real pyramids
Renal crest surrounds pelvis
Carnivores, small ruminants, equines

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18
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

Bowman’s capsule

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19
Q

Renal tubules

A

PCT
Loop of Henley
DCT

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20
Q

Kidney vascularization

A 
Renal artery- from abdominal aorta
Arcuate arteries
Interlobar arteries
Afferent and efferent glomerular arteries
Renal vein drains into caudal vena cava
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21
Q

Kidney innervation

A

Sympathetic innervation- celiac and cranial mesenteric plexus
Parasympathetic innervation- vagus N

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22
Q

Ligaments of urinary bladder

A

Ventral/medial ligaments
Lateral ligaments
Round ligament

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23
Q

Ventral/medial ligament of urinary bladder

A

Fix ventral surface to floor of abd.cavity/alba line

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24
Q

Lateral ligament of urinary bladder

A

Fix bladder laterally to pelvic wall

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25
Q

Round ligament of urinary bladder

A

Fix apex to umbillicus

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26
Q

Primitive sex cords

A

Made by the genital ridge and arrival of primordial germ cells

27
Q

Male gonad evolution

A

Primitive sex cords-> testicular cords->germ cells, Sertoli cells, leydig cells

28
Q

Female gonad evolution

A

First generation of sex cords-> second generation of sex cords= follicles

29
Q

Gonad differentiation in males

A

Mesonephros- efferent ducts
Mesonephric ducts- deferent ducts
Paramesonephric ducts- degenerates

30
Q

Gonad differentiation in females

A

Mesonephros- degenerates
Mesonephric ducts- degenerates
Paramesonephric ducts- uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

31
Q

Hypospadia

A

Male uretra opens up in wrong place

32
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Structural and functional unit of testes

33
Q

Testis orientation in carnivores+equines

A

Caudate pole caudal

34
Q

Testes orientation in pigs

A

Caudate pole is dorsal

35
Q

Testes orientation in ruminants

A

Caudate pole is ventral

36
Q

Efferent duct

A

Duct of epididymis

Leading from testes to head and body of epididymis

37
Q

Testicular sinus/bursa

A

Membrane connecting body of epididymis and testes

38
Q

Ligament of the testicle

A

Connects tail of epididymis with testicle

39
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Where vesicular glands open up and fuses w deferent ducts
Before prostatic urethra
In equine+ruminants

40
Q

Vesicular gland

A

Paired gland
Most cranial
Absent in carnivores
Prespermatic fraction

41
Q

Prostate gland

A

Spermatic fraction

42
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Most caudal
Not in dogs
Prespermatic fraction

43
Q

Penis

A

2 cavernous bodies dorsally, covered by tunica albuginea and divided by median septum
Spongy body surrounding urethra

44
Q

Bulbospongious muscle

A

Ventrally to urethra

Controls amount of blood

45
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A

From internal iliac artery

Supplies pelvic urethra, accessory glands

46
Q

External pudendal artery

A

From external iliac artery

Supplies scrotum, vaginal tunic, prepuce

47
Q

Testicular artery

A

Directly from abdominal artery

Supplies testicle, epididymis, deferent duct

48
Q

Innervation of penis and prepuce

A

Pudendal nerve

49
Q

Sympathetic innervation effects on penis

A

Retracts penis

50
Q

Parasympathetic innervation effects on penis

A

Erects penis

51
Q

Mesovarium

A

Part of broad ligament of the uterus

52
Q

Suspensory ligament of ovary

A

The first to encounter in surgery

Fix ovaries to ribs cranially

53
Q

Proper ligament of ovary

A

Caudal continuation
From uterine horn to near vulva
Through inguinal canal

54
Q

Vascularization of ovaries

A

Ovarian artery- direct from abdominal aorta

L ovarian vein drains into renal vein

55
Q

Ovarian bursa

A

Sac covering ovary

Mesosalpinx+mesovarium

56
Q

Intercorneal ligament of ovary

A

Triangular ligament between tubes

57
Q

Mesometrium

A

Biggest portion of broad ligament

Fix all to abdominal wall (body, neck, horns)

58
Q

Uterine artery

A

From internal iliac artery

External iliac artery in equines

59
Q

Mammary glands

A

Papillary portion- opens up to outside through papillary ducts and orifice
Only one orifice/teat in cow

60
Q

Vascularization of udder

A

External pudendal artery- from external iliac artery
Superficial epigastric vein-“milk vein”
Genitofemoral N+pudendal N to mammary glands

61
Q

Spleen

A

Left side
3rd cranial in abd. Cavity
Not protected by costal arch
Visceral surface=splenic hilum

62
Q

Ligaments of spleen

A

Gastrosplenic ligament- connects to greater omentum
Renosplenic ligament- spleen to kidney
Phronocolic ligament- connects to diaphragm and colon

63
Q

Vascularization and innervation of spleen

A

Splenic artery+splenic vein->short gastric+L gastroepiploic

Splenic vein drains into portal vein

Anatomy (17 decks)

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