Thoracic Limb- Myology Flashcards by Martina Peterson

Rhomboid

Origen: nuchal ligament from 2-6th cervical vertebra to 7th thoracic vertebra
Insertion: medial surface of dorsal border of scapula
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
Function: draws limb forward, fixes scapula, elevates limb and neck

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Which are the extensor muscles of the digits?

Common digital extensor
Lateral digital extensor
Long abductor muscle of the 1st digit
Extensor muscle of the 1+nd digit

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Brachialis

Origin: caudal neck of humerus
Insertion: proximal cranial surface of radius/ulna
Innervation: radial and musculocutaneous nerve
Function: flexion of elbow joint

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Biceps brachii

Origin: supraglenoid cavity
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Function: flexion of elbow joint, extension of shoulder joint, fixes shoulder

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Subscapular

Origin: subscapular fossa
Insertion: lesser tubercle
Innervation: subscapular nerve
Function: extensor or flexor of shoulder, fixes shoulder joint

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Radial extensor muscle of the carpus

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 3rd metacarpal bone
Innervation: radial nerve
Function: extension of carpus

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What are the general characteristics of the fixation muscles of scapula?

Fixes thoracic limb to the trunk
Origins in neck or back
Insertion in scapula and forearm
Innervated by accessory nerve to r dorsal branches are f cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

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Latissimus dorsi

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: caudal border of scapula, lateral surface of thorax and body of humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
Function: main retroversr of thoracic limb, flexor of shoulder

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Brachiocephalic

Origins at head, different between species
Insertion: as cleidobrachialis, differs between species
Innervation: accessory nerve, axillary nerve, cervical nerve
Function: draws neck and head down/back, draws head/neck/ upper arm fascia to one side

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Infraspinous

Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve
Function: flexion and fixation of shoulder joint

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Quadrate pronator

Origin: ulna
Insertion: radius
Innervation: median nerve
Function: pronation

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Which are the fixation muscles of the scapula?

Trapezius
Omotransverse
Rhomboid
Ventral serrate

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Ulnar extensor of the carpus

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 4+5+accessory metacarpal bones
Innervation: radial nerve
Function: flexion carpus, supports extension of carpus

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Radial flexor muscle of the carpus

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2+3rd metacarpal bones
Innervation: median nerve
Function: flexion of carpus

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Major teres

Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity for teres major
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: flexion of shoulder joint

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Sternocephalic

Origin: manubrium
Insertion: head, differs between species
Innervation: ventral branch of accessory nerve
Function: flexor of head/neck, draws head/neck to the side, fixes head during swallowing

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Coracobrachialis

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial surface f humerus
Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
Function: extensor of shoulder joint, adductor of thoracic limb

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Which are the superficial extrinsic muscles?

Brachiocephalic
Sternocephalic
Trapezius
Omotransverse
Latissimus dorsi
Superficial pectoral

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Deltoid

Origin: scapula spine and caudal border of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Innervation: axillary nerve
Function: flexion of shoulder joint, abduction of thoracic limb

Ulnar flexor muscle of the carpus

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: carpal bones
Innervation: ulnar nerve
Function: flexion of carpus

What are the general characteristics of the intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb?

Responsible for movements of separate parts of the limb

Trapezius

Origin: nuchal ligament/supraspinous ligament
Insertion: scapula spine
Innervation: accessory nerve (dorsal branches)
Function: fixes shoulder joint, lifts/abducts and draws limb forward

Supinator

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radius
Innervation: radial nerve
Function: supination

What are the general characteristics of the extensor muscles of the digits?

Cranial-lateral surface
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radius/ulna
Insertion: digits
Innervation: radial nerve

Which are the deep extrinsic muscles?

Deep pectoral Subclavian Rhomboid Ventral serrate

What are the muscles of the elbow joint?

``` Brachialis Biceps brachii Triceps Anconeous Tensor muscle of antebrachial fascia ```

What are the muscles of the shoulder joint lateral surface?

Supraspinous Infraspinous Deltoid Minor trees

What are the general characteristics of the flexor muscles of the digits?

Medial-palmar surface Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, radius/ulna Insertion: digits Innervation: ulnar and median nerve

Supraspinous

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: greater and lesser tubercle of humerus Innervation: suprascapular nerve Function: extension and fixation of shoulder joint

Triceps

Origin: caudal border of scapula or humerus Insertion: olecranon of ulna Innervation: radial nerve Function: extension of elbow joint, flexion of shoulder

Articular muscle of the shoulder joint (equine, pigs, cats)

Origin: glenoid cavity of scapula Insertion: neck of humerus Innervation: axillary nerve Function: tenses joint capsule

What are the muscles of the shoulder joint medial surface?

Major teres Articular muscle of shoulder joint Subscapular Coracobrachial

Round pronator

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: radius Innervation: median nerve Function: pronation

Superficial pectoral

Origin: sternal manubrium Insertion: humerus Innervation: thoracic and pectoral spinal nerves Function: anteversor and retroversir of thoracic limb and lateral movement of trunk

What are the general characteristics of the superficial extrinsic muscles?

Origins in neck, back and then radical region inserts in scapula and humerus Joins the limb to the trunk, responsible for coordinating movements of the head, neck, limb and trunk

What are the muscles of the carpal joints?

radial extensor muscle of carpus Ulnar extensor muscle of carpus Radial flexor muscle of carpus Ulnar flexor muscle of carpus

Deep pectoral

Origin: sternum Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus Innervation: thoracic spinal nerves Function: retroversor thoracic limb, adductor, fixes limb to trunk

Anconeus

Origin: olecranon fossa and humerus Insertion: olecranon Innervation: radial nerve Function: extension of elbow joint

Tensor muscle of antebrachial fascia

Origin: caudal border of scapula Insertion: antebrachial fascia Innervation: radial nerve Function: extension of shoulder joint, tenses antebrachial fascia

Brachioradial

Origin: humerus Insertion: radius Innervation: radial nerve Function: supination

Which are the flexor muscles of the digits?

Superficial digital flexor muscle Deep digital flexor muscle Interflexor muscle

What are the muscles of the radioulnar joint?

Supinator muscles: brachioradial, supinator | Pronator muscles: round pronator, quadrate pronator

Minor teres

Origin: caudal border f scapula Insertion: tuberosity for teres minor Innervation: axillary nerve Function: flexion of shoulder joint

Omotransverse

Origin: wings of atlas or transverse process of 2nd cervical vertebra Insertion: scapula spine Innervation: accessory nerve Function: draws neck backwards/sideways, draws scapula forward

Ventral serrate

Origin: cervical portion: cervical transverse processes, thoracic portion: ribs lateral surface Insertion: medial surface of scapula/serrate surface Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves, long thoracic nerve Function: draws limb forward, fixes scapula, elevated limb and neck