Digestive System Flashcards
Alimentary canal
Mouth/pharynx Esophagus/stomach Small intestines Large intestines Anal canal/duct
TMJ
Mandible+temporal bone
Synovial joint
TMJ joint
Articular tubercle (cranial in mandible) Mandibular fossa (articulates with mandibular condoyle) Retro-articular process
Jaw movements, different species
Carnivores- ascent/descent
Rodent- retropulsion/propulsion
Ruminants- diduction (lateral movements)
Jaw levator muscles
Closes mouth/raises jaw Masseter Temporal MEDIAL pterygoid Mandibular N (branch of #5), trigeminal #5
Jaw propulsor muscles
Moves jaw forward
Lateral pterygoid
Mandibular N (branch of #5)
Jaw depressor muscles
Opens mouth/ moves jaw downwards
Mylohyiod
Digastric
Mandibular N (branch of #5)
Facial muscles
Enables Facial expressions, innervated by #7 facial N Zygomatic M Parotido M Buccinator M Naso-labial levator M Orbicular M
Mylohyoid
Fills up mandibular space
Mandibular N
Digastric
Lateral to mylohyoid
Underneath masseter
V-shaped
Mandibular N
Zygomatic M
“Smile” muscle
Thin, strap like
Facial N #5
Parotido-auricular M
From ear to parotid duct
Strap-like
Facial N #7
Buccinator M
Surrounding mouth
Facial N #7
Naso-labial levator M
Raises upper lip
“Grrrr” muscle
From frontal bone to lip
Facial N #7
Orbicular muscle of the eye
Blink-muscle
Surrounds eye
Facial N #7
Oral cavity
Space between dental archs
Lips to pharynx
Palate to tongue
Oral vestibule
Labial+buccal
Cavity between mucosa and teeth
Dental torus
Dental pad without incisors
Upper jaw in ruminants
Hard palate
Thin bony plate covered with thick mucosa
Palatine raphe
Line dividing palate into left and right
Especially in dogs
Palatine crests
Perpendicular to raphe, transverse
Vomeronasal organ
Communicates with Incisive papilla
Parts of tongue
Apex=tip
Body=bulk of tongue
Base/root=where tongue attaches (hyoid bone)
Lingual frenulum
Strap of tissue underneath tongue
Lingual torus
Thickening at base of tongue in ruminants
Lyssa
Cartilage piece on ventral surface of tongue in dogs
Mechanic papilla
Filiform
Conical-lenticular
Marginal
Gustatory papilla
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate
Filiform papilla
On body+apex
Smallest and most numerous
Velvet like
Conified in ruminants and cats (sharp and thin)
Conical-lenticular papilla
On lingual torus of ruminants
Few over root of tongue in carnivores
Marginal papilla
Only in newborn, helps sucking milk
Fungiform papilla
Mushroom like
Bigger
On apex and body
Circumvallate papilla
Largest Circular Caudally on base/root # Depends on species 2 in pigs, 2-3 in equine, 2-3 in carnivores, 14-16 in ruminants
Intrinsic muscles of tongue
Forms tongue, named by fiber direction
Longitudinal, transverse, perpendicular
Extrinsic muscles of tongue
Fix tongue to bony structure Genio- jaw Glossus-tongue Styloid process-on base of scull Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
Related muscles of tongue
Hyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid (mandible to hyoid bone)
Innervation
Sensitive- trigeminal #5
Gustatory- facial #7, vagus #10, glossopharyngeal #9
Motor-hypoglossal #12
Prefrenulum area
Area before lingual frenulum
Sublingual recesses
Laterally on both sides of frenulum
Sublingual caruncles
Spherical structures next to frenulum
Openings go mandibular+sublingual salivary glands
Soft palate
Caudal continuation of hard palate
To palato-pharyngeal and palatoglossal arches
Palatoglossal arch
Fixes soft palate to tongue
Nasopharynx
Dorsal part of pharynx
Respiratory
Oropharynx
Ventral part of pharynx
Digestive
Palatinus muscle
Covered by mucosa
Innervated similar to tongue
Where does teeth derive from?
Ectoderm
Minor salivary glands
Labial
Buccal/zygomatic (dorsal+ventral)
Lingual
Palatine
Major salivary glands
Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Monostomatic+polystomatic
Parotid gland
Ventrally to base of ear Caudally to ramus of mandible Varies btw species Carn+pig-triangular Equine+rum-oblonged
Parotid duct
Goes over dorsal surface of masseter M
Drains into buccal vestibule together with zygomatic duct.
Multilobulated
Mandibular gland
Spherical in carnivores
Big+elongated in rum+equines
Ventrally to parotid duct, near the angle of jaw at the bifurcation of ext. jugular vein
Smooth appearance
Runs along floor of oral cavity into sublingual caruncles
Nonlobulated
Polystomatic sublingual gland
Tiny lobes in mucosa in floor of oral cavity
Releases directly into oral cavity
Monostomatic sublingual gland
Cranially/medially to mandibular gland
Attached to mandibular gland
Opens up in sublingual caruncles
Innervation of glands
Glossopharyngeal #9
Facial #7
Laryngopharynx
Communicates with both oro- and nasopharynx
Muscles of pharynx
Mainly constrictor muscles
Innervated by vagal N #10, glossopharyngeal #9
Constrictor muscles of pharynx
Hypopharyngeal
Thyropharyngeal
Cricopharyngeal
Dilator muscle of pharynx
Stylopharyngeal
Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue in pharynx
Lingual tonsils
On root/base of tongue Dorsally Abundant Do not confuse with papilla DEFENCE
Palatine tonsils
In lateral walls of oropharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils
In roof of nasopharynx
Tubal tonsils
Near opening of auditory tube in nasopharynx
Guttural pouches
Airfilled space (dilation of auditory tube)
Communicates with nasopharynx
No real function, related to infections
Only in equine
