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Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Alimentary canal

A 
Mouth/pharynx
Esophagus/stomach
Small intestines
Large intestines
Anal canal/duct
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2
Q

TMJ

A

Mandible+temporal bone

Synovial joint

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3
Q

TMJ joint

A 
Articular tubercle (cranial in mandible)
Mandibular fossa (articulates with mandibular condoyle)
Retro-articular process
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4
Q

Jaw movements, different species

A

Carnivores- ascent/descent
Rodent- retropulsion/propulsion
Ruminants- diduction (lateral movements)

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5
Q

Jaw levator muscles

A 
Closes mouth/raises jaw
Masseter
Temporal
MEDIAL pterygoid 
Mandibular N (branch of #5), trigeminal #5
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6
Q

Jaw propulsor muscles

A

Moves jaw forward
Lateral pterygoid
Mandibular N (branch of #5)

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7
Q

Jaw depressor muscles

A

Opens mouth/ moves jaw downwards
Mylohyiod
Digastric
Mandibular N (branch of #5)

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8
Q

Facial muscles

A 
Enables Facial expressions, innervated by #7 facial N
Zygomatic M
 Parotido M
Buccinator M
Naso-labial levator M
Orbicular M
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9
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Fills up mandibular space

Mandibular N

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10
Q

Digastric

A

Lateral to mylohyoid
Underneath masseter
V-shaped
Mandibular N

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11
Q

Zygomatic M

A

“Smile” muscle
Thin, strap like
Facial N #5

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12
Q

Parotido-auricular M

A

From ear to parotid duct
Strap-like
Facial N #7

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13
Q

Buccinator M

A

Surrounding mouth

Facial N #7

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14
Q

Naso-labial levator M

A

Raises upper lip
“Grrrr” muscle
From frontal bone to lip
Facial N #7

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15
Q

Orbicular muscle of the eye

A

Blink-muscle
Surrounds eye
Facial N #7

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16
Q

Oral cavity

A

Space between dental archs
Lips to pharynx
Palate to tongue

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17
Q

Oral vestibule

A

Labial+buccal

Cavity between mucosa and teeth

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18
Q

Dental torus

A

Dental pad without incisors

Upper jaw in ruminants

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19
Q

Hard palate

A

Thin bony plate covered with thick mucosa

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20
Q

Palatine raphe

A

Line dividing palate into left and right

Especially in dogs

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21
Q

Palatine crests

A

Perpendicular to raphe, transverse

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22
Q

Vomeronasal organ

A

Communicates with Incisive papilla

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23
Q

Parts of tongue

A

Apex=tip
Body=bulk of tongue
Base/root=where tongue attaches (hyoid bone)

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24
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Strap of tissue underneath tongue

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25
Q

Lingual torus

A

Thickening at base of tongue in ruminants

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26
Q

Lyssa

A

Cartilage piece on ventral surface of tongue in dogs

27
Q

Mechanic papilla

A

Filiform
Conical-lenticular
Marginal

28
Q

Gustatory papilla

A

Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

29
Q

Filiform papilla

A

On body+apex
Smallest and most numerous
Velvet like
Conified in ruminants and cats (sharp and thin)

30
Q

Conical-lenticular papilla

A

On lingual torus of ruminants

Few over root of tongue in carnivores

31
Q

Marginal papilla

A

Only in newborn, helps sucking milk

32
Q

Fungiform papilla

A

Mushroom like
Bigger
On apex and body

33
Q

Circumvallate papilla

A 
Largest
Circular
Caudally on base/root
# Depends on species
2 in pigs, 2-3 in equine, 2-3 in carnivores, 14-16 in ruminants
34
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

Forms tongue, named by fiber direction

Longitudinal, transverse, perpendicular

35
Q

Extrinsic muscles of tongue

A 
Fix tongue to bony structure
Genio- jaw
Glossus-tongue
Styloid process-on base of scull
Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
36
Q

Related muscles of tongue

A

Hyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid (mandible to hyoid bone)

37
Q

Innervation

A

Sensitive- trigeminal #5
Gustatory- facial #7, vagus #10, glossopharyngeal #9
Motor-hypoglossal #12

38
Q

Prefrenulum area

A

Area before lingual frenulum

39
Q

Sublingual recesses

A

Laterally on both sides of frenulum

40
Q

Sublingual caruncles

A

Spherical structures next to frenulum

Openings go mandibular+sublingual salivary glands

41
Q

Soft palate

A

Caudal continuation of hard palate

To palato-pharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

42
Q

Palatoglossal arch

A

Fixes soft palate to tongue

43
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Dorsal part of pharynx

Respiratory

44
Q

Oropharynx

A

Ventral part of pharynx

Digestive

45
Q

Palatinus muscle

A

Covered by mucosa

Innervated similar to tongue

46
Q

Where does teeth derive from?

A

Ectoderm

47
Q

Minor salivary glands

A

Labial
Buccal/zygomatic (dorsal+ventral)
Lingual
Palatine

48
Q

Major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Mandibular
Sublingual
Monostomatic+polystomatic

49
Q

Parotid gland

A 
Ventrally to base of ear
Caudally to ramus of mandible
Varies btw species
Carn+pig-triangular
Equine+rum-oblonged
50
Q

Parotid duct

A

Goes over dorsal surface of masseter M
Drains into buccal vestibule together with zygomatic duct.
Multilobulated

51
Q

Mandibular gland

A

Spherical in carnivores
Big+elongated in rum+equines
Ventrally to parotid duct, near the angle of jaw at the bifurcation of ext. jugular vein
Smooth appearance
Runs along floor of oral cavity into sublingual caruncles
Nonlobulated

52
Q

Polystomatic sublingual gland

A

Tiny lobes in mucosa in floor of oral cavity

Releases directly into oral cavity

53
Q

Monostomatic sublingual gland

A

Cranially/medially to mandibular gland
Attached to mandibular gland
Opens up in sublingual caruncles

54
Q

Innervation of glands

A

Glossopharyngeal #9

Facial #7

55
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Communicates with both oro- and nasopharynx

56
Q

Muscles of pharynx

A

Mainly constrictor muscles

Innervated by vagal N #10, glossopharyngeal #9

57
Q

Constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

Hypopharyngeal
Thyropharyngeal
Cricopharyngeal

58
Q

Dilator muscle of pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeal

59
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue in pharynx

60
Q

Lingual tonsils

A 
On root/base of tongue
Dorsally
Abundant
Do not confuse with papilla
DEFENCE
61
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

In lateral walls of oropharynx

62
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils

A

In roof of nasopharynx

63
Q

Tubal tonsils

A

Near opening of auditory tube in nasopharynx

64
Q

Guttural pouches

A

Airfilled space (dilation of auditory tube)
Communicates with nasopharynx
No real function, related to infections
Only in equine

Anatomy (17 decks)

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