Basic Concepts of locomotor Flashcards
From what does the locomotor apparatus develop?
The somites
Sclerotome- bone and cartilage
Myotome- muscle
Dermatome- skin and subcutaneous tissued
What are the function of locomotor apparatus?
Carry out body movements and maintain posture Organ protection Mineral reserve Bone marrow= hematopoiesis Heat production
What are the components of locomotor apparatus?
Skeleton, bones, joints, ligaments
Muscles (tendons)
Arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatic vessels
Accessory structures- fasciae, synovial bursts, synovial sheaths
What are the three regions of L A?
Axial (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) Thoracic limb (forelimb) Pelvic limb (hindlimb)
What is the function of bones?
Support weight and protection
What are the structures of bone?
Osseous/bone tissue Cartilage Periosteum/fibrous layer Bone marrow Vessels and nerves
What are the general types of bone tissue?
Compact and spongy
What are the stages of bone development?
Primary ossification- direct/intramembranous or indirect/endochondral
Secondary ossification
Describe the primary ossification
Indirect/endochondral-transforms a cartilaginous model into bone, in long bones
Direct/intramembranous- bone tissue formed directly without cartilaginous tissue, in flat bones as scull
Describe secondary ossification
Osteoclasts replaces the primary ossification which is immature and creates lamellar bone, improves mechanical function
What are the functions of osteoclasts and osteocytes in bone remodeling?
Store minerals
Reorganizes the bone architecture
What are the two types of cartilaginous tissue?
Articular cartilage
Epiphyseal cartilage
What is the periosteum?
External/fibrous layer covers the bone and protects/supports it
Internal/cellular layer is osteogenic, in young animals with growing bone thickness
What are the types of monemarrow and its function?
Red-in sternum, ribs, scull base, vertebrae, flat bones. Hematopoiesis
Yellow- refreshed red bone marrow, storage of fat tissue
Grey- in old animals
What are the two types of vessels in bone?
Afferent system- nutrient arteries, epiphysis and metaphysics arteries
Efferent system: veins
