Thoracic Cavity And Lungs

Question 1

What is a pleura?

Answer 1

Serosa lining of the thoracic cavity and protects the thoracic organ

Question 2

What are the two pleural sacs formed by the pleura?

Answer 2

Parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Question 3

What does the parietal pleura cover?

Answer 3

The body wall

Question 4

What does the visceral pleura?

Answer 4

Splanchnic organs like lungs

Question 5

The parietal pleura has 3 divisions

Answer 5

Parietal costal pleura
Parietal mediastinal pleura
Parietal diaphragmatic pleura

Question 6

The visceral pleura is called pulmonary pleura also. Why?

Answer 6

Because it lines the lungs

Question 7

The parietal and visceral sacs form a cavity inside them called what?

Answer 7

Pleural cavity

Question 8

What is the space between the two pleural sacs?

Answer 8

Mediastinum

Question 9

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 9

It is the wall between the right and left parietal mediastinal pleura

Question 10

Where is the mediastinum located?

Answer 10

In the midplane of the thoracic cavity

Question 11

What does the mediastinum do?

Answer 11

Divides the thorax into two cavities

Question 12

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 12

The heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus

Question 13

The heart divides the mediastinum into three parts. What are these parts?

Answer 13

Cranial mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Caudal mediastinum

Question 14

Where is the cranial mediastinum located?

Answer 14

It is the mediastinum cranial to the heart

Question 15

Where is the middle mediastinum located?

Answer 15

The mediastinum that contains the heart itself

Question 16

Where is the caudal mediastinum?

Answer 16

Caudal to the heart

Question 17

This is the fascia lining the inner surface of the thoracic wall.

Answer 17

Endothoracic fascia

Question 18

This is the fascia that connects the musculoskeletal walls and the parietal pleura.

Answer 18

Endothoracic fascia

Question 19

What is the connecting pleura?

Answer 19

A double layer of serosa that connects the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

Question 20

This is a pleura between the parietal mediastinal pleura and visceral pleura of the caudal lobes of the lung

Answer 20

Pulmonary ligament

Question 21

What is the plica vena cava?

Answer 21

Connecting pleura between the caudal vena cava and diaphragm, pericardial sac, and thoracic floor

Question 22

Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal and pericardial are all subdivisions of what?

Answer 22

Parietal pleura

Question 23

What other pleura is associated with the parietal pleura?

Answer 23

Visceral pleura

Question 24

True or False. The parietal and visceral pleura are associated with the parietal and visceral pericardium.

Answer 24

False. They are separated

Question 25

There are two types of pericardium. What are they?

Answer 25

Parietal and visceral pericardium

Question 26

What is the parietal pericardium and where does it adhere to?

Answer 26

It is the outer fibrous layer and tightly adheres to the inner serous layer.

Question 27

This layer adheres to the heart.

Answer 27

Visceral pericardium aka epicardium

Question 28

True or false. The cranial, cardiac, and caudal mediastinum is attached to the plica vena cava, cupula pleurae, left cardiac notch , and the costodiaphragmatic recess.

Answer 28

False. Only the cranial mediastinum is closely associated to the cupula pleurae

Question 29

The caudal mediastinum is paralleled by what structure on the right side?

Answer 29

The plica venae cavae

Question 30

What viscera is viscible in the left side after reflecting the left lung?

Answer 30

1. Cranial cranial lobe 2. Caudal cranial lobe 3. Caudal lobe 4. Pulmonary ligament 5. The heart 6. Diaphragm 7. Root of the lung 8. Hilus of the lung 9. Phrenic nerve

Question 31

What structure connects the mediastinal parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 31

Pulmonary ligament

Question 32

What covers the diaphragm?

Answer 32

Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Question 33

What covers the heart?

Answer 33

Mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 34

What do you call the point where the root of the lung joins the lung?

Answer 34

Hilus

Question 35

Where is the thymus situated?

Answer 35

In the mediastinum cranial to the heart

Question 36

What is the function of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 36

To innervate the diaphragm

Question 37

What covers the lungs?

Answer 37

Visceral pleura

Question 38

What structure crosses the heart to reach its attachment?

Answer 38

The prenic nerve

Question 39

When removing the left lung and mediastinal pleura. What structures are exposed?

Answer 39

1. Heart 2. Aorta 3. Brachiocephalic trunk 4. Right common carotid artery 5. Left common carotid artery 6. Left subclavian artery 6a. Dorsal intercostal arteries 6b. Recurrent laryngeal nerve 7. Phrenic nerve 8. Diaphragm

Question 40

Where does the heart send body to the blood?

Answer 40

Aorta

Question 41

The section of the aorta that is furthest from the heart can be divided into two. What are these sections of the aorta?

Answer 41

Ascending aorta (cranial) Descending aorta (caudal)

Question 42

This is the first visible branch from the arch of the aorta

Answer 42

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 43

The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to what?

Answer 43

The common carotid arteries

Question 44

The second visible branch from the arch of the aorta is what?

Answer 44

Left subclavian artery

Question 45

The recurrent laryngeal nerve is hooked by a probe and innervates what?

Answer 45

The larynx

Question 46

True or False. The structures visible in the left thoracic cavity are also visible in the right thoracic cavity. (Ignoring left and right a. and v.)

Answer 46

False. Certain structures are not visible in the left cavity and only in the right cavity and vice versa.

Question 47

What are the structures that can only be seen in the right thoracic cavity?

Answer 47

1. Infracardiac bursa 2. Sympathetic trunk 3. Caudal vena cava 4. Right vagus 5. Right azygous vein

Question 49

What structures are seen in both left and right cavities?

Answer 49

1. Diaphragm 2. Esophagus 3. Plica vanae cavae 4. Root of lung and phrenic nerve 5. Longus colli 6. Trachea