Thoracic Cavity And Lungs Flashcards
What is a pleura?
Serosa lining of the thoracic cavity and protects the thoracic organ
What are the two pleural sacs formed by the pleura?
Parietal pleura and visceral pleura
What does the parietal pleura cover?
The body wall
What does the visceral pleura?
Splanchnic organs like lungs
The parietal pleura has 3 divisions
Parietal costal pleura
Parietal mediastinal pleura
Parietal diaphragmatic pleura
The visceral pleura is called pulmonary pleura also. Why?
Because it lines the lungs
The parietal and visceral sacs form a cavity inside them called what?
Pleural cavity
What is the space between the two pleural sacs?
Mediastinum
What is the mediastinum?
It is the wall between the right and left parietal mediastinal pleura
Where is the mediastinum located?
In the midplane of the thoracic cavity
What does the mediastinum do?
Divides the thorax into two cavities
What does the mediastinum contain?
The heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus
The heart divides the mediastinum into three parts. What are these parts?
Cranial mediastinum
Middle mediastinum
Caudal mediastinum
Where is the cranial mediastinum located?
It is the mediastinum cranial to the heart
Where is the middle mediastinum located?
The mediastinum that contains the heart itself
Where is the caudal mediastinum?
Caudal to the heart
This is the fascia lining the inner surface of the thoracic wall.
Endothoracic fascia
This is the fascia that connects the musculoskeletal walls and the parietal pleura.
Endothoracic fascia
What is the connecting pleura?
A double layer of serosa that connects the parietal pleura and visceral pleura
This is a pleura between the parietal mediastinal pleura and visceral pleura of the caudal lobes of the lung
Pulmonary ligament
What is the plica vena cava?
Connecting pleura between the caudal vena cava and diaphragm, pericardial sac, and thoracic floor
Costal, diaphragmatic, mediastinal and pericardial are all subdivisions of what?
Parietal pleura
What other pleura is associated with the parietal pleura?
Visceral pleura
True or False. The parietal and visceral pleura are associated with the parietal and visceral pericardium.
False. They are separated
There are two types of pericardium. What are they?
Parietal and visceral pericardium
What is the parietal pericardium and where does it adhere to?
It is the outer fibrous layer and tightly adheres to the inner serous layer.
This layer adheres to the heart.
Visceral pericardium aka epicardium
True or false. The cranial, cardiac, and caudal mediastinum is attached to the plica vena cava, cupula pleurae, left cardiac notch , and the costodiaphragmatic recess.
False. Only the cranial mediastinum is closely associated to the cupula pleurae
The caudal mediastinum is paralleled by what structure on the right side?
The plica venae cavae
What viscera is viscible in the left side after reflecting the left lung?
- Cranial cranial lobe
- Caudal cranial lobe
- Caudal lobe
- Pulmonary ligament
- The heart
- Diaphragm
- Root of the lung
- Hilus of the lung
- Phrenic nerve
What structure connects the mediastinal parietal and visceral pleura?
Pulmonary ligament
What covers the diaphragm?
Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
What covers the heart?
Mediastinal parietal pleura
What do you call the point where the root of the lung joins the lung?
Hilus
Where is the thymus situated?
In the mediastinum cranial to the heart
What is the function of the phrenic nerve?
To innervate the diaphragm
What covers the lungs?
Visceral pleura
What structure crosses the heart to reach its attachment?
The prenic nerve
When removing the left lung and mediastinal pleura. What structures are exposed?
- Heart
- Aorta
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Right common carotid artery
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
6a. Dorsal intercostal arteries
6b. Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Phrenic nerve
- Diaphragm
Where does the heart send body to the blood?
Aorta
The section of the aorta that is furthest from the heart can be divided into two. What are these sections of the aorta?
Ascending aorta (cranial)
Descending aorta (caudal)
This is the first visible branch from the arch of the aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to what?
The common carotid arteries
The second visible branch from the arch of the aorta is what?
Left subclavian artery
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is hooked by a probe and innervates what?
The larynx
True or False. The structures visible in the left thoracic cavity are also visible in the right thoracic cavity. (Ignoring left and right a. and v.)
False. Certain structures are not visible in the left cavity and only in the right cavity and vice versa.
What are the structures that can only be seen in the right thoracic cavity?
- Infracardiac bursa
- Sympathetic trunk
- Caudal vena cava
- Right vagus
- Right azygous vein
What structures are seen in both left and right cavities?
- Diaphragm
- Esophagus
- Plica vanae cavae
- Root of lung and phrenic nerve
- Longus colli
- Trachea
