Joints of the Hind Limb

Question 1

What are the joints of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

Pelvic symphysis
Sacroiliac joint

Question 2

What is the pelvic symphysis?

Answer 2

The joint that connects the right and left os coxae

Question 3

What is the pelvic symphysis made of?

Answer 3

Fibrocartilage

Question 4

What forms the cranial half of the pelvic symphysis?

Answer 4

Pubic symphysis

Question 5

What forms the caudal half of the pelvic symphysis?

Answer 5

Ischial symphysis

Question 6

What forms the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 6

The R and L wings of ilia and R and L wings of sacrum

Question 7

What type of articulation is the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 7

Fibrocartilaginous joint
Synovial joint

Question 8

What is the implication of the sacroiliac joint being fibrocartilaginous mean?

Answer 8

It means its an articulation of stability

Question 9

Why is the sacroiliac joint also a synovial joint?

Answer 9

Because the auricular surfaces are covered with cartilage and their margins are united by a thin joint capsule

Question 10

What is the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 10

A collagenous band of CT from the transverse processes of S3 and Cd1 to the lateral angle of the ischiatic tuberosity

Question 11

What is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 11

It serves as the origin for biceps femoris, caudal crural abductor, superficial gluteus, piriformis

Question 12

What is the hip\coxofemoral joint?

Answer 12

A ball and socket\spheroidal joint

Question 13

What constitutes the hip joint?

Answer 13

The acetabulum and head of femur

Question 14

What are the main movements of the hip joint?

Answer 14

Extension and flexion

Question 15

What is the acetabulum?

Answer 15

The cotyloid cavity of the os coxae

Question 16

What are the parts of the acetabulum?

Answer 16

The lip, notch, and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 17

What is the acetabular lip?

Answer 17

Applied to the rim of the acetabulum, it increases the depth of the acetabulum

Question 18

What is the acetabular notch?

Answer 18

A normal defect found on the ventro\caudomedial aspect of the acetabulum

Question 19

What is the transverse acetabular ligament?

Answer 19

Crosses the acetabular notch to complete the acetabular cavity

Question 20

What is the ligament of the head of t he femur?

Answer 20

A thick band of collagenous connective tissue that extends from the acetabular fossa to the fovea capitis femoris

Question 21

Is the ligament of the head of the femur able to bear weight?

Answer 21

No it is a non-weightbearing ligament

Question 22

What is hip dysplasia?

Answer 22

A malformed hip joint that results in progressive degenerative disease

Question 23

What happens to the hip joint?

Answer 23

Instability and causes pain, lameness in young dogs, and arthritis in later life

Question 24

What dogs are susceptible to hip dysplasia?

Answer 24

Large breeds

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of hip dysplasia?

Answer 25

Pelvic limb stiffness Difficulty rising Swaying gait Pain and lameness

Question 26

What is the intervention for hip dysplasia?

Answer 26

Total hip replacement (THP) Pectineal tenotomy Femur osteotomy Acetabulum remodeling

Question 27

What is the stifle joint?

Answer 27

The knee of animals like dogs and horses Genual articulation (knee)

Question 28

What composes the stifle joint?

Answer 28

A compound joint between the femur and patella and femur and tibia Lateral and medial femorotibial joint and femoro-patellar joint Condylar joint that acts as a hinge joint

Question 29

Why are the three joints so important?

Answer 29

Because they communicate with one another

Question 30

What is the femoropatellar joint?

Answer 30

An articulation between the patella and trochlea of the femur

Question 31

What makes up the femoropatellar joint?

Answer 31

The patellar ligament and the femoropatellar ligament

Question 32

What is the femorotibial joint?

Answer 32

Articulation between the femoral condyle and tibial condyle

Question 33

What makes up the femorotibial joint?

Answer 33

The lateral and medial menisci Condyloid joint Meniscofemoral ligament

Question 34

What is the function of the menisci in the femorotibial joint?

Answer 34

To compensate for the incongruence of the femoral and tibial condyles and shock absorbers

Question 35

What are the femorotibial ligaments?

Answer 35

Collateral ligaments Cruciate ligaments

Question 36

What are the collateral ligaments?

Answer 36

Strong stabilizingg bands on the lateral and medial sides of the stifle joint Prevent abduction, adduction, and rotation of the stifle joint

Question 37

What are the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 37

Two intraarticular ligaments that attach to the tibia Pass between the intercondylar areas of the tibia and femur Limit craniocaudal motion of bones

Question 38

What is an ACL injury?

Answer 38

The rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament

Question 39

What is a clinical or observable sign of ACL?

Answer 39

Shin bone slides forward with respect to the femur

Question 40

Whatt is the intervention of the ACL injury?

Answer 40

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)