Heart and Lungs

Question 1

The lung is?

Answer 1

the organ where oxygen and CO2 are exchanged

Question 2

What is the function of the lung?

Answer 2

Respiration

Question 3

What causes air to move into the lungs?

Answer 3

The expansion of the pleural cavity via the contraction of the diaphragm.

Increased size of the thoracic cavity causes negative pressure

Question 4

What pushes the air out of the lungs?

Answer 4

Contraction of the abdominal muscles that force the abdominal viscera against the caudal surface of the diaphragm.

Question 5

Where are the slightly concave bases of the lungs?

Answer 5

Adjacent to the diaphragm

Question 6

Where are the apexes (apex) of the lungs?

Answer 6

In the thoracic inlet

Question 7

Where are the costal surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 7

The curved lateral surface of the lung

Question 8

Where are the medial surfaces of the lungs?

Answer 8

The flattened surface that faces the mediastinum

Question 9

Where is the vertebral part of the lungs?

Answer 9

The medial portion of the lung that is inserted by the vertebral bodies

Question 10

Where is the mediastinal part of the lungs?

Answer 10

The ventral portion of the medial wall that faces the mediastinum

Question 11

What and where is the cardiac impression of the lungs?

Answer 11

Deep indentation by the heart

Found between the third and sixth ribs

Question 12

What and where is the diaphragmatic surface?

Answer 12

A concave surface that lies against the convex surface of the diaphragm

Question 13

Where is the cardiac notch?

Answer 13

On the right lung

It is V-shaped with its apex located dorsally at the beginning of the fourth rib

Question 14

How is the cardiac notch formed?

Answer 14

Formed by the ventrally diverging borders of the cranial and middle lobes

Question 15

What and where is the dorsal margin of the lungs?

Answer 15

The margin along the vertebral part of the lung which extends from the apex to the base

Question 16

What and where is the ventral margin of the lungs?

Answer 16

The margin that covers the costal surface and is continuous with the medial surface and lies in the costomediastinal recess

Question 17

What and where is the basal margin of the lungs?

Answer 17

Where the costal and diaphragmatic surfaces meet

Question 18

What and where is the acute margin?

Answer 18

Where the basal and ventral margins meet

Question 19

What and where is the hilus of the lung?

Answer 19

The area of each lung that receives the principal bronchi and creates passages for the pulmonary and bronchial vessels and nerves

Question 20

What and where is the root of the lung?

Answer 20

The aggregate of vessels and nerves that enter the organ at the hilus

Question 21

What determines lung lobes?

Answer 21

The pattern of branching of the principal bronchi

Question 22

What are interlobar fissures?

Answer 22

The external indicators of divisions of principal bronchi

Divide the lung into lobations

Question 23

Where is the caudal interlobar fissure?

Answer 23

Between the middle and caudal lobes of the right lung and the cranial and caudal lobes of the left lung

Question 24

Where is the cranial interlobar fissure?

Answer 24

Between the cranial and middle lobes of the right lung

Question 25

What is it called when the surface of adjacent lobes are in contact with each other?

Answer 25

Interlobar surfaces

Question 26

The lungs are divided into two parts

Answer 26

Conducting part and respiratory part

Question 27

What are the components of the conducting part of the lungs

Answer 27

Bronchi Bronchioles

Question 28

What are the components of the respiratory part of the lungs

Answer 28

Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolar sac Alveoli

Question 29

What are the three kinds of bronchi?

Answer 29

Primary/principal bronchi Secondary/lobar bronchi Tertiary/segmental/sub lobar bronchi

Question 30

What is a primary bronchi?

Answer 30

A short thick segment entering each lung's hilus and divides into the secondary/lobar bronchi

Question 31

What is a secondary bronchi?

Answer 31

The continuation of the primary bronchi, and ventilates the major lobes of the lungs Gives rise to tertiary/segmental/bronchi

Question 32

What is a tertiary bronchi?

Answer 32

Branches of the secondary bronchi that ventilate a bronchopulmonary segment

Question 33

What is a bronchiole?

Answer 33

Small tubes with no cartilaginous support. Continuations of the tertiary bronchi

Question 34

What are respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 34

Terminal bronchioles wherein its walls contain some alveoli

Question 35

What are alveolar ducts?

Answer 35

Continuations of the respiratory bronchioles which are surrounded by alveoli

Question 36

What are alveolar sacs?

Answer 36

Terminal ends of the alveolar ducts that are surrounded by alveoli

Question 37

What are alveoli?

Answer 37

Thin walled sacs that function for gas exchange

Question 38

Why are alveoli good for gas exchange?

Answer 38

Because it is thin and moist and allows for rapid diffusion

Question 39

What vessels are present at the alveoli?

Answer 39

Pulmonary capillaries

Question 40

How many lobes do the lungs have?

Answer 40

6 4 lobes in the right lung - Right caudal lobe - Right middle lobe - Right cranial lobe - accessory lobe 2 lobes in the left lung - left caudal lobe - left cranial lobe

Question 41

What is a carina?

Answer 41

The last tracheal cartilage that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the left and right principal bronchus

Question 42

What is another name for the cranial lobe for both lungs?

Answer 42

apical lobe

Question 43

True or false. The cranial lobe of the left lung has two lobes.

Answer 43

Yes Cranial (apical) lobe and caudal (cardiac) lobe

Question 44

What is another name for the caudal lobe of both lungs?

Answer 44

diaphragmatic lobe

Question 45

The middle lobe of the right lung is also called what?

Answer 45

Middle lobe

Question 46

The intermediate/mediastinal/azygos lobe are other names for which lobe?

Answer 46

Accessory lobe

Question 47

True or false. There are four lymph nodes at the tracheobronchial area.

Answer 47

False. There are three; right, left, and middle tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 48

The two lungs both have two surfaces that. What are they?

Answer 48

Lateral (costal) surface Medial (visceral) surface

Question 49

In the narrow sense, the thoracic cavity is bounded by what?

Answer 49

The subserous endothoracic fascia

Question 50

In a wider sense, the thoracic cavity is formed by what?

Answer 50

The ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and associated muscles (including the diaphragm)

Question 51

What is the shape of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 51

Cone shaped

Question 52

Where is the apex of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 52

Between the first pair of ribs and the base at the diaphragm

Question 53

This is the areolar tissue that attaches the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae to the underlying muscles, ligaments, and bones

Answer 53

Endothoracic fascia

Question 54

Wheres does the endothoracic fascia attach to?

Answer 54

The costal pleura of the ribs

Question 55

Where does the endothoracic fascia extend to and what does it become?

Answer 55

It extends dorsally and ventrally to the mediastinal space and becomes the connective tissue that invests organs into the mediastinum

Question 56

Cranially, where does the endothoracic fascia pass through and what does it become?

Answer 56

It passes through the thoracic inlet and into the neck It blends with the deep cervical fascia

Question 57

Caudally, what does the endothoracic fascia become and where does it pass through?

Answer 57

It blends in with the transversalis fascia at the hiatuses of the diaphragm and lumbosacral arches