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VETA 101 > Muscles of the Hind Limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hind Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are our caudal thigh muscles?

A

BSSC (Bussy)

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Caudal crural abductor

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2
Q

In general, where can we find the caudal thigh muscles?

A

They are grouped about the ischial tuberosity and some of them run to the lateral side of the stifle

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3
Q

What is the general term for our caudal thigh muscles?

A

Hamstring muscles

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4
Q

How would you describe the appearance of the biceps femoris?

A

It is a large long muscle in the lateral part of the thigh

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5
Q

How many heads does the biceps femoris have?

A

Cranial superficial
Deep caudal

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6
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament (superficial head)

Ischiatic tuberosity (superficial head)

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7
Q

What are the insertions of our biceps femoris?

A

through t he fascia lata and crural fascia where it covers the patella, patellar lig. and cranial border of tibia

Through the crural fascia (via subcutaneous part of the body of the tibia)

Tuber calcanei

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8
Q

What is the action of the biceps femoris?

A

Extend the hip, stifle, and hock

Caudal part flexes the stifle

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A

sciatic nerve

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10
Q

What lymphatic structure is found near the biceps femoris?

A

Popliteal LN

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11
Q

Where exactly is the popliteal LN found?

A

at the subcutaneous tissue caudal to t he stifle joint and at the caudal border of the biceps femoris

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12
Q

What is the function of the popliteal LN?

A

to drain lymph from distal limb going into the medial iliac center then into the lumbar trunks into the cisterna chyli

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13
Q

What important structure does the biceps femoris form alongside with?

A

Common calcanean tendon

Alongside the semitendinosus, gracilis, and SDF and gastrocnemius

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14
Q

How would you describe the caudal crural abductor?

A

Slender\strap-like “fire hydrant” muscle

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15
Q

What muscle is the caudal crural abductor associated with?

A

The biceps femoris

(specifically its mediocaudal surface)

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16
Q

What is the origin of the caudal crural abductor?

A

ischiatic tuberosity

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17
Q

What is the insertion of the caudal crural abductor?

A

Crural fascia

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18
Q

What is the action of the caudal crural abductor?

A

abducts the limb

flexes the stifle

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the caudal crural abductor?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

How would you describe the appearance of the semitendinosus?

A

A large circular muscle near the caudal border of the biceps femoris

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21
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischiatic tuberosity

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the semitendinosus?

A

Disto-cranial border of tibia

Medial surface of tibial body

Tuber calcanei via the crural fascia

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23
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A

Extend hip

Flex stifle

Extend hock

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic nerve

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25
How would you describe the appearance of the semimembranosus?
It is a large, flat, sheet of muscle with two bellies that lies between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus on the lateral side of the leg
26
What is the origin of the semimembranosus?
Ischiatic tuberosity
27
What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?
Distal medial lip of the caudal surface of the femur Medial condyle of the tibia
28
What is the action of the semimbranosus?
Extend the hip Femur part = extends stifle Tibia part = flexes or extends stifle
29
What is the innervation of the semimembranosus?
Sciatic nerve
30
What are the medial thigh muscles?
Sartorius Gracilis Pectineus Adductor
31
How would you describe the appearance of the sartorius?
A long flat muscles that appears as two straplike strands Cranial part = thicker Caudal part = thinner, wider, longer
32
What is the origin of the sartorius?
Cranial part = iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia Caudal part = cranial ventral iliac spine and adjacent ventral border of ilium
33
What is the insertion of the cranial part?
Cranial part = patella Caudal part = cranial border of tibia
34
What is the action of the sartorius?
Flex hip Cranial part = extends stifle Caudal part = flexes stifle
35
What is the innervation of the sartorius?
Femoral nerve
36
How would you describe the appearance of the gracilis?
extensive broad muscular sheet found on the superficial layer of the caudal medial muscles
37
What is the origin of the gracilis?
Symphyseal tendon
38
What is the symphyseal tendon?
A thick, flat tendon attached ventrally to the symphysis pelvis
39
What is the insertion of the gracilis?
Cranial border of the tibia
40
What is the action of the gracilis?
Adduct limb Flex stifle Extend hip and hock
41
What is the innervation of the gracilis?
Obturator nerve
42
How would you describe the pectineus?
A small spindle-shaped muscle
43
What is the origin of the pectineus?
Iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle
44
What is the insertion of the pectineus?
Distal end of the medial lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
45
What is the action of the pectineus?
Adduct the limb
46
What is the innervation of the pectineus?
Obturator nerve
47
How would you describe the adductor?
Adductor longus = small fusiform Adductor magnus et brevis = much larger Often not clearly divisible
48
What is the origin of the adductor?
Entire pelvic symphysis via symphyseal tendon
49
What is the insertion of the adductor?
Entire lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur
50
What is the action of the adductor?
To adduct the limb and extend the hip
51
What is the innervation of the adductor?
Obturator nerve
52
What is the femoral triangle?
A shallow triangular space where the femoral vessels run to and from the pelvic limb
53
Where can we find the femoral triangle?
Proximal medial surface of the thigh Basally at the abdominal wall
54
What are the muscles the constitute the femoral triangle?
Cranially = caudal belly of sartorius Caudally = pectineus and adductor Proximal lateral = iliopsoas and rectus femoris Distal lateral = vastus medialis Base = dorsal body wall and vascular lacuna Media border = medial femoral fascia
55
What is the arrangement of the artery, vein, and nerve of the femoral triangle?
Cranial to caudal Femoral a., Femoral v., and Saphenous n.
56
What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
It is the site of pulse taking in dogs and cats and alternative site for venipuncture
57
What are our lateral pelvis muscles?
Tensor fascia latae Superficial gluteus Middle gluteus Deep gluteus
58
How would you describe the tensor fasciae latae?
A triangular muscle that lies between the sartorius cranially and the middle gluteal caudodorsally 2 portions Cranial = more superficial inserting into the fascia lata Caudal = more deep inserted on a layer of fascia that runs towards the stifle
59
What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
Tuber coxae and adjacent part of ilium
60
What is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?
Lateral femoral fascia (fascia lata)
61
What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae?
Tense the lateral femoral fascia Flex the hip Extend the stifle
62
What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?
Cranial gluteal nerve
63
How would you describe the appearance of the superficial gluteus?
A small flat almost rectangular muscle that is the most superficial of the glutes
64
What is the origin of the superficial gluteus?
Lateral border of the sacrum and Cd1
65
What is the insertion of the superficial gluteus?
Third trochanter
66
What is the action of the superficial gluteus?
Extend hip Abduct limb
67
What is the innervation of the superficial gluteus?
Caudal gluteal nerve
68
How would you describe the appearance of the middle gluteus?
Caudally covered by the superficial gluteus
69
What is the origin of the middle gluteus?
Iliac crest and gluteal surface of ilium
70
What is the insertion of the middle gluteus?
Greater trochanter
71
What is the action of the middle gluteus?
Extend hip Abduct hip Rotate pelvic limb medially
72
What is the innervation of the middle gluteus?
cranial gluteal nerve
73
What is the piriformis?
A deep caudal part of the middle gluteus A spindle shaped muscle
74
What is the origin of the piriformis?
Lateral surface of S3 and Cd1
75
What is the insertion of the piriformis?
Greater trochanter
76
What is the action of the piriformis?
Extend hip joint
77
What is the innervation of the piriformis?
Caudal gluteal nerve
78
How would you describe the appearance of t he deep gluteus?
It is a fan shaped muscle completely covered by the middle gluteus
79
What is the origin of the deep gluteus?
Body of the ilium and the ischiatic spine
80
What is the insertion of the deep gluteus?
Cranial aspect of the greater trochanter
81
What is the action of the deep gluteus?
Extend hip Abduct hip Rotate pelvic limb medially
82
What is the innervation of the deep gluteus?
Cranial gluteal nerve
83
What is the articularis coxae?
It is a small spindle shaped muscle on the craniolateral aspect of the hip joint usually covered by the deep gluteus
84
What is the origin of the articularis coxae?
Lateral surface of the ilium
85
What is the insertion of the articularis coxae?
Neck of the femur
86
What is the action of the articularis coxae?
Flex hip joint
87
What is the innervation of the articularis coxae?
Femoral nerve
88
What are our caudal hip muscles?
Internal obturator Gemelli Quadratus femoris External obturator
89
How would you describe the appearance of the internal obturator?
A fan-shaped muscle lying on the dorsal surface of the pubis and ischium
90
What is the origin of the internal obturator?
Pelvic symphysis Dorsal surface of ischium and pubis
91
What is the insertion of the internal obturator?
Trochanteric fossa of femur
92
What is the action of the internal obturator?
Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hp
93
What is the innervation of the internal obturator?
Sciatic nerve
94
How would you describe the gemelli?
Like two muscles fused together under the tendon of origin of the internal obturator
95
How would you describe the quadratus femoris?
Short and thick muscle whose fibers are at right angles to the long axis of the thigh
96
What is the origin of the quadratus femoris?
Ventral surface of the caudal ischium
97
What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?
Intertrochanteric crest
98
What is the action of the quadratus femoris?
Extend hip Rotate pelvic limb laterally
99
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?
Sciatic nerve
100
What is the appearance of the external obturator?
It is a fan shaped muscle on the ventral surface of the pubis and ischium
101
What is the origin of the external obturator?
Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
102
What is the insertion of the external obturator?
Trochanteric fossa
103
What is the action of the external obturator?
Rotate pelvic limb laterally
104
What is the innervation of the external obturator?
Obturator nerve
105
What are our cranial thigh muscles?
Quadriceps femoris Iliopsoas Sartorius
106
What is the appearance of our quadriceps femoris?
A 4 headed muscle that fuse distally
107
What is the origin of the quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris = ilium Vasti muscles = proximal part of femur
108
What is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris?
Tibial tuberosity
109
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
Extend stifle Flex hip
110
What is the innervation of the quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve
111
What happens if there was a tear in the quadriceps femoris?
It would not be able to bear weight since or extend stifle joint
112
What is the appearance of the iliopsoas?
A sublumbar, long muscle that is the fusion of the psoas major and iliacus
113
What is the origin of the iliopsoas?
Psoas major = lumbar vertebrae Iliacus = cranioventral ilium
114
What is the insertion of the iliopsoas?
Lesser trochanter
115
What is the action of the iliopsoas?
Flex the hip
116
What is the innervation of the iliopsoas?
Ventral branches of lumbar spinal nerve Femoral nerve
117
What are the craniolateral leg muscles?
Cranialis tibialis Long digital extensor Lateral digital extensor Peroneus longus Peroneus brevis
118
What is the cranialis tibialis?
The most cranially located muscle in t he leg tendon Runs under the crural extensor retinaculum With tarsal synovial sheath
119
What is the origin of our cranialis tibialis?
Extensor groove and adjacent articular margin of tibia Lateral edge of cranial tibial border
120
What is the insertion of the cranialis tibialis?
Plantar surface of the base of metatarsal I and Ii
121
What is the action of the cranialis tibialis?
Flex tarsocrural joint Rotate paw laterally so plantar surface faces medially
122
What is the innervation of the cranialis tibialis?
Fibular\Peroneal nerve
123
What is the long digital extensor?
A spindle-shaped muscle partially covered by cranialis tibialis medially and peroneus laterally
124
What is the origin of the long digital extensor?
Extensor fossa of femur
125
What is the insertion of the long digital extensor?
Extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5
126
What is the action of the long digital extensor?
Extend digits Flex tarsus
127
What is the innervation of the long digital extensor?
Fibular\Peroneal n
128
What is the peroneus or fibularis longus?
It is a short, thick, wedge-shaped muscle in the cranial part of the fibula with a long synovial sheath
129
What is the origin of the fibularis longus?
Lateral condyle of tibia Proximal end of fibula Lateral epicondyle of femur
130
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
Fourth tarsal bone Plantar aspect of base of metatarsals
131
What is the action of the fibularis longus?
Flex tarsus Rotate paw medially so that plantar surface faces laterally
132
What is the lateral digital extensor?
A thin straplike muscles that lies between the peroneus and lateral part of the DDF
133
What is the origin of the lateral digital extensor?
Proximal third of the fibula
134
What is the insertion of the lateral digital extensor?
Tendon of insertion of the long DE and interosseus muscle of digit 5 at the proximal phalanx
135
What is the action of the lateral DE?
Extend and abduct digit 5
136
What is the innervation of the lateral DE?
fibular\peroneal nerve
137
What is the peroneus or fibularis brevis?
A deep crural muscle appearing distally deep to the lateral DE
138
What is the origin of the fibularis brevis?
Lateral surface of the distal 2\3 of the fibula and tibia
139
What is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?
base of MT 5
140
what is the action of the fibularis brevis?
Flex tarsus
141
141
What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?
Fibular\peroneal nerve
142
What is the gastrocnemius?
A muscle of 2 heads that enclose the SDF under
142
142
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
Medial and lateral, supracondylar tuberosities of femur
143
143
144
What are the caudal leg muscles?
Gastrocnemius Superficial DF Deep DF Popliteus
145
What is the gastrocnemius?
A muscles that forms the bulge of the leg (calf)
146
What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
Prox dorsal surface of tuber calcanei
147
What is the action of the gastrocnemius?
Extend tarsus Flex stifle
148
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
149
What is the superficial digital flexor?
A spindle-shaped muscle from the lateral supracondylar tuberosity covered by the gastrocnemius
150
What is the origin of the superficial DF?
Lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
151
What is the insertion of the superficial DF?
Tuber calcanei and the bases of the P2 of digits 2-5
152
What is t he action of the superficial DF?
Flex first two digital joints Flex stifle Extend tarsus
153
What is the innervation of the SDF?
Tibial nerve
154
What is the deep digital flexor?
Composed of our lateral and medial digital flexor
155
What is the origin of our deep digital flexor?
Caudal aspect of proximal tibia, prox half of fibula and adjacent interosseus membrane
156
What is the insertion of the DDF?
Flexor tubercle on the plantar surface of the base of each distal phalanges
157
What is the action of the deep digital flexor?
Flex digits Extend tarsus
158
What is the innervation of the DDF?
Tibial nerve
159
What is the popliteus?
A muscle that lies on the stifle joint capsule and caudal surface of the proximal tibia
160
What is the origin of the popliteus?
Lateral epicondyle of the femur
161
What is the insertion of the popliteus?
Proximal third of the caudal surface of the tibia
162
What is the action of the popliteus
Rotate leg medially
163
What is the innervation of the popliteus?
Tibial nerve
164

VETA 101 (14 decks)

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