Doc Ariel Muscles - Forelimb Flashcards
1
Q
Epidermis
A
Outer thin epithelium of skin.
2
Q
Dermis
A
Inner thicker layer of connective tissue.
3
Q
Subcutaneous injection
A
Injection administered beneath the skin.
4
Q
Intradermal injection
A
Injection administered within the dermis.
5
Q
Mammary gland
A
Excretory gland, also known as teats.
6
Q
Teat canals
A
Contains 12 openings for milk drainage.
7
Q
Costal Arch
A
Formed by 10th, 11th, and 12th costal cartilages.
8
Q
Floating Rib
A
13th rib, not attached to sternum.
9
Q
Thoracic vertebrae
A
13 vertebrae with long spinous processes.
10
Q
Anticlinal vertebra
A
11th thoracic vertebra, unique orientation.
11
Q
Costal fovea
A
Articular surfaces for rib heads.
12
Q
Cranial costal fovea
A
Articular surface for cranial rib heads.
13
Q
Caudal costal fovea
A
Articular surface for caudal rib heads.
14
Q
Transverse costal fovea
A
Articular surface for rib tubercles.
15
Q
Sternal Rib
A
Ribs attached to sternum, 1st to 9th.
16
Q
Asternal Rib
A
Ribs not attached to sternum, 10th to 13th.
17
Q
Costochondral junction
A
Where rib meets costal cartilage.
18
Q
Sternum
A
Axial skeleton with eight unpaired segments.
19
Q
Sternebrae
A
Segments of the sternum.
20
Q
Manubrium
A
First sternebra, uppermost segment.
21
Q
Xiphoid process
A
Last sternebra, includes xiphoid cartilage.
22
Q
Umbilicus
A
Scar-like landmark for abdominal surgery.
23
Q
Linea alba
A
Midline connective tissue structure in abdomen.
24
Q
Fascia
A
Dense connective tissue surrounding muscles.
25
Clean muscle
Remove fatty areolar connective tissue.
26
Left side dissection
Focus on studying muscles.
27
Right side dissection
Focus on studying blood vessels and nerves.
28
Muscle function
Provides locomotion through contraction.
29
Proximal attachment
Origin; part that moves the least.
30
Distal attachment
Insertion; part that moves the most.
31
Tendon
Connects muscle to bone.
32
Dense, regular fibrous connective tissue
Well-defined bundles in tendons and ligaments.
33
Aponeurosis
Thin sheet of tissue, similar to tendon.
34
Ligament
Connects bone to bone or organs.
35
Dissection instructions
Clean, isolate borders, verify origin and insertion.
36
Action (A)
Function of the muscle during movement.
37
Innervation
Nerve supply to the muscle.
38
Vascularization
Blood supply to the muscle.
39
Cutaneous trunci
Thin muscle covering thorax and abdomen.
40
Lateral thoracic nerve
Innervates the cutaneous trunci muscle.
41
Preputial muscle
Supports prepuce during non-erect state.
42
Extrinsic muscles
Attach limb to axial skeleton.
43
Intrinsic muscles
Extend between bones of the limb.
44
Superficial pectoral
Muscle between sternum and humerus.
45
Deep pectoral
Larger muscle extending from sternum to humerus.
46
Cranial pectoral nerve
Innervates superficial pectoral muscle.
47
Caudal pectoral nerve
Innervates deep pectoral muscle.
48
Venipuncture
Blood collection or intravenous injection procedure.
49
Platysma
Most developed cutaneous muscle of neck and head.
50
Brachiocephalicus
Compound muscle from arm to head and neck.
51
Clavicular Intersection
Deep surface line indicating vestigial clavicle.
52
Cleidobrachialis
Part of Brachiocephalicus attaching to humerus.
53
Cleidocephalicus
Part of Brachiocephalicus extending to head and neck.
54
Cleidocervicalis
Attaches to dorsal midline of neck.
55
Cleidomastoideus
Attaches to mastoid process of skull.
56
Sternocephalicus
Muscle from sternum to head, not extrinsic.
57
Sternomastoideus
Thicker, ventral part of Sternocephalicus.
58
Sterno-occipitalis
Thin, dorsal part of Sternocephalicus.
59
Sternohyoideus
Muscle lying on trachea, pulls tongue caudally.
60
Sternothyroideus
Muscle drawing tongue and larynx caudally.
61
Omotransversarius
Strap-like muscle from scapula to atlas (C1).
62
Superficial Cervical Lymph Node
Palpable lymph node cranial to scapula.
63
Innervation of Brachiocephalicus
Accessory nerve and cervical spinal nerves.
64
Action of Cleidobrachialis
Advances limb and extends shoulder joint.
65
Action of Cleidocephalicus
Draws neck and head to the side.
66
Origin of Sternocephalicus
Arises from the first sternebra/manubrium.
67
Insertion of Sternomastoideus
Inserts at mastoid part of temporal bone.
68
Insertion of Sterno-occipitalis
Inserts at nuchal crest of occipital bone.
69
Action of Sternocephalicus
Draws head and neck to the side.
70
Carotid Sheath
Deep fascia covering carotid artery and jugular vein.
71
Supraspinous Ligament
Connects dorsal aspects of vertebral spines, excluding cervical.
72
Nuchal Ligament
Elastic tissue from T1 to C2 supporting neck.
73
Median Raphe of Neck
Fibrous septum between left and right epaxial muscles.
74
Trapezius Muscle
Thin, triangular muscle elevating and abducting forelimb.
75
Trapezius Cervicis
Part of trapezius overlapped by cleidocephalicus.
76
Trapezius Thoracis
Part of trapezius overlapping latissimus dorsi.
77
Rhomboideus Muscle
Holds scapula close to body, divided into three parts.
78
Rhomboideus Capitis
Attaches scapula to nuchal crest of occipital bone.
79
Rhomboideus Cervicis
Connects median raphe of neck to scapula.
80
Rhomboideus Thoracis
Connects thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula.
81
Latissimus Dorsi
Large triangular muscle drawing limb caudally.
82
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Deep fascia covering trunk muscles and vertebrae.
83
Serratus Ventralis
Fan-shaped muscle supporting body between limbs.
84
Serratus Ventralis Cervicis
Part of serratus ventralis from cervical vertebrae.
85
Serratus Ventralis Thoracis
Part of serratus ventralis from ribs.
86
Intrinsic Muscles
Muscles originating and inserting on thoracic limb bones.
87
Extrinsic Muscles
Muscles attaching to thoracic limb from other regions.
88
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
Nerve innervating trapezius muscle.
89
Ventral Branches of Spinal Nerves
Nerves innervating rhomboideus and serratus muscles.
90
Long Thoracic Nerve
Nerve innervating serratus ventralis muscle.
91
Aponeurosis
Sheet-like tendon separating trapezius parts.
92
Scapula
Flat bone of the pectoral girdle.
93
Supraspinous fossa
Depression above the spine of the scapula.
94
Infraspinous fossa
Depression below the spine of the scapula.
95
Coracoid process
Projection for muscle attachment on scapula.
96
Glenoid cavity
Socket for humeral head articulation.
97
Humerus
Long bone of the arm.
98
Greater tubercle
Large projection for muscle attachment on humerus.
99
Lesser tubercle
Smaller projection for muscle attachment on humerus.
100
Intertubercular groove
Groove between greater and lesser tubercles.
101
Deltoid tuberosity
Roughened area for deltoid muscle attachment.
102
Supratrochlear foramen
Opening above the trochlea of the humerus.
103
Radius
Main weight-bearing bone of the forearm.
104
Ulna
Long bone of the forearm, medial to radius.
105
Olecranon
Proximal end of the ulna, forms elbow.
106
Carpal bones
Seven irregular bones between radius and metacarpals.
107
Metacarpal bones
Five long bones in the hand.
108
Biceps brachii
Muscle originating from scapula, flexes elbow.
109
Triceps brachii
Muscle that extends the elbow.
110
Serratus ventralis
Muscle attaching scapula to thoracic wall.
111
Trochlear notch
Articulates with the humerus at the elbow.
112
Epicondyle
Bony projection on the humerus for muscle attachment.
113
Capitulum
Rounded end of the humerus for radius articulation.
114
Condyle
Articulating surface at the distal end of the humerus.
115
Proximal end
Base of a long bone structure.
116
Distal end
Head of a long bone structure.
117
Phalanges
Long bones in digits; 3 per digit.
118
Dewclaw
1st digit of forelimb, has 2 phalanges.
119
Hallux
1st digit of hind limb, has 2 phalanges.
120
Intermetacarpal spaces
Spaces between metacarpal bones.
121
Common Digital Extensor
Tendons extending to digits from forelimb.
122
Lateral Digital Extensor
Tendons extending to lateral digits.
123
Superficial Digital Flexor
Tendons that flex the digits.
124
Deep Digital Flexor
Tendons that flex the distal phalanges.
125
Deltoideus muscle
Flexes the shoulder; innervated by Axillary n.
126
Infraspinatus muscle
Abducts and laterally rotates shoulder; Suprascapular n.
127
Supraspinatus muscle
Extends and stabilizes shoulder joint.
128
Teres minor muscle
Flexes and laterally rotates shoulder; Axillary n.
129
Subscapularis muscle
Medially stabilizes shoulder joint; Subscapular n.
130
Teres major muscle
Flexes and medially rotates shoulder; Axillary n.
131
Coracobrachialis muscle
Adducts and stabilizes shoulder joint.
132
Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Extends elbow; innervated by Radial n.
133
Triceps brachii
Composed of 4 heads; extends elbow.
134
Biceps brachii
Flexes elbow and extends shoulder.
135
Brachialis muscle
Flexes elbow; innervated by Musculocutaneous n.
136
Extensor carpi radialis
Extends the carpus; innervated by Radial n.
137
Common digital extensor
Extends the digits; innervated by Radial n.
138
Lateral digital extensor
Extends lateral digits; innervated by Radial n.
139
Ulnaris lateralis
Extends and abducts the carpus.
140
Supinator muscle
Rotates forearm laterally; innervated by Radial n.
141
Abductor digiti I longus
Abducts the first digit; innervated by Radial n.
142
ECR
Extensor carpi radialis, extends the carpus.
143
CDE
Common digital extensor, extends digits 2-5.
144
LDE
Lateral digital extensor, extends digits 3-5.
145
Ulnaris lateralis
Abducts carpal joint, supports weight.
146
Supinator
Rotates forearm laterally, flexes elbow.
147
Abductor digiti I longus
Abducts first digit, extends carpal joint.
148
Pronator teres
Rotates forearm medially, flexes elbow.
149
FCR
Flexor carpi radialis, flexes the carpus.
150
FCU
Flexor carpi ulnaris, has humeral and ulnar heads.
151
SDF
Superficial digital flexor, flexes multiple joints.
152
DDF
Deep digital flexor, flexes all digits' joints.
153
Pronator quadratus
Pronation of the paw, fills space between radius and ulna.
154
Radial n.
Nerve supplying extensors of forearm.
155
Median n.
Nerve supplying flexors of forearm.
156
Ulnar n.
Nerve supplying flexor carpi ulnaris.
157
Extensor Retinaculum
Fibrous band stabilizing extensor tendons.
158
Flexor retinaculum
Fibrous band stabilizing flexor tendons.
159
Carpal canal
Passage for flexor tendons in wrist.
160
Sesamoid bone
Bone embedded in tendon, aids movement.
161
Proximal phalanx
First bone in digit, connects to metacarpal.
162
Distal phalanx
Last bone in digit, contains extensor process.
163
Extensor process
Bony projection for tendon attachment.
164
Accessory carpal bone
Bone aiding carpal joint stability.
165
Lateral epicondyle
Humeral landmark for extensor muscle origin.
