Doc Ariel Muscular system - summarized Flashcards
1
Q
Muscle
A
Tissue responsible for movement and locomotion.
2
Q
Innervation
A
Nerve supply that stimulates muscle contraction.
3
Q
Origin
A
Proximal muscle attachment; least movable part.
4
Q
Insertion
A
Distal muscle attachment; most movable part.
5
Q
Tendon
A
Connective tissue attaching muscle to bone.
6
Q
Aponeurosis
A
Flat tissue connecting muscle to muscle or bone.
7
Q
Ligament
A
Connective tissue connecting bone to bone.
8
Q
Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue
A
Tissue type forming tendons and ligaments.
9
Q
Extrinsic Muscles
A
Muscles originating outside a body part.
10
Q
Intrinsic Muscles
A
Muscles originating within a body part.
11
Q
Epaxial Muscles
A
Muscles located above the vertebral column.
12
Q
Hypaxial Muscles
A
Muscles located below the vertebral column.
13
Q
Superficial Pectoral
A
Extrinsic muscle of the thoracic limb.
14
Q
Deep Pectoral
A
Also known as ascending pectoral muscle.
15
Q
Brachiocephalicus
A
Muscle connecting forelimb to head.
16
Q
Omotransversarius
A
Muscle connecting shoulder to neck.
17
Q
Trapezius
A
Muscle that stabilizes and moves scapula.
18
Q
Rhomboideus
A
Muscle that retracts the scapula.
19
Q
Latissimus Dorsi
A
Muscle that extends and adducts the forelimb.
20
Q
Serratus Ventralis
A
Muscle that supports the scapula.
21
Q
Sternocephalicus
A
Muscle connecting sternum to head.
22
Q
Action
A
Muscle function or movement produced.
23
Q
Brachial plexus
A
Nerve network from C6-T2 spinal nerves.
24
Q
Cranial pectoral nerve
A
Innervates superficial pectoral muscle (C7, C8).
25
Caudal pectoral nerve
Innervates deep pectoral muscle (C8, T1).
26
Thoracodorsal nerve
Innervates latissimus dorsi muscle (C7, C8, T1).
27
Long thoracic nerve
Innervates serratus ventralis muscle (C7).
28
Lateral thoracic nerve
Innervates cutaneous trunci muscle (C8, T1).
29
Suprascapular nerve
Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus (C6, C7).
30
Subscapular nerve
Innervates subscapularis muscle (C6, C7).
31
Axillary nerve
Innervates deltoideus and teres minor (C7, C8).
32
Musculocutaneous nerve
Innervates biceps brachii and brachialis (C6, C7, C8).
33
Radial nerve
Innervates extensors of forearm (C7-T2).
34
Ulnar nerve
Innervates flexors of forearm (C8-T2).
35
Median nerve
Innervates flexor muscles of forearm (C8-T2).
36
Deltoideus muscle
Shoulder muscle innervated by axillary nerve.
37
Biceps brachii
Cranial arm muscle innervated by musculocutaneous nerve.
38
Triceps brachii
Caudal arm muscle innervated by radial nerve.
39
Extensor carpi radialis
Forearm extensor innervated by radial nerve.
40
Flexor carpi radialis
Forearm flexor innervated by median nerve.
41
Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Innervated by radial nerve, aids in forearm extension.
42
Interosseous muscles
Muscles located between metacarpal bones.
43
Pronation
Rotation of forearm, palm down.
44
Supination
Rotation of forearm, palm up.
45
Cutaneous innervation zones
Areas of skin innervated by specific nerves.
46
Lumbar plexus
Nerve roots L1 to L4, innervates pelvic region.
47
Lumbosacral trunk
Nerve roots L6, L7, S1, S2, connects lumbar and sacral plexuses.
48
Cranial gluteal nerve
L6, L7, S1; innervates gluteal muscles.
49
Caudal gluteal nerve
L7, S1, S2; innervates superficial gluteus.
50
Sciatic nerve
L6, L7, S1, S2; innervates hamstring muscles.
51
Common peroneal nerve
L6, L7; innervates muscles of the cranial leg.
52
Superficial peroneal nerve
Branch of common peroneal; innervates lateral leg.
53
Deep peroneal nerve
Branch of common peroneal; innervates anterior leg.
54
Tibial nerve
L7, S1; innervates muscles caudal to tibia.
55
Obturator nerve
L4, L5, L6; innervates adductor muscles.
56
Femoral nerve
L4, L5, L6; innervates quadriceps femoris.
57
Middle gluteus
Innervated by cranial gluteal nerve.
58
Tensor fasciae latae
Innervated by cranial gluteal nerve.
59
Biceps femoris
Innervated by sciatic nerve.
60
Semitendinosus
Innervated by sciatic nerve.
61
Semimembranosus
Innervated by sciatic nerve.
62
Pectineus
Innervated by obturator nerve.
63
Adductor muscle
Innervated by obturator nerve.
64
Quadratus femoris
Innervated by sciatic nerve.
65
Long digital extensor
Innervated by peroneal/fibular nerve.
66
Gastrocnemius muscle
Innervated by tibial nerve.
67
Epaxial muscles
Dorsal to vertebrae; extend vertebral column.
68
Hypaxial muscles
Ventral to vertebrae; involved in flexion.
69
Retractor costae
Muscle involved in rib cage movement.
70
Transversus thoracis
Muscle aiding in rib cage stability.
71
Serratus dorsalis cranialis
Inspiratory muscle aiding in rib elevation.
72
External intercostal
Muscle elevating ribs during inspiration.
73
Scalenus
Muscle assisting in rib elevation.
74
Levatores costarum
Muscles elevating ribs during inspiration.
75
Rectus thoracis
Muscle stabilizing rib cage during breathing.
76
Diaphragm
Primary muscle for inspiration, lowers during contraction.
77
Serratus ventralis
Muscle supporting rib cage structure.
78
Internal intercostals
Muscles contracting during expiration to lower ribs.
79
Abdominal muscles
Muscles aiding in forced expiration.
80
Facial muscles
Muscles responsible for facial expressions.
81
Facial nerve (CN7)
Innervates facial muscles for motor functions.
82
Oculomotor nerve (CN3)
Innervates levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
83
Orbicularis oculi
Muscle that closes the eyelid.
84
Masseter
Powerful muscle for closing the mouth.
85
Temporalis
Muscle primarily used for closing the mouth.
86
Pterygoideus
Muscle involved in mouth closure and movement.
87
Digastricus
Muscle with two bellies for mouth opening.
88
Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)
Innervates tongue muscles for movement.
89
Cricopharyngeus
Constrictor muscle innervated by Vagus nerve.
90
Tensor veli palatini
Muscle of the soft palate aiding swallowing.
91
Mandibular nerve
Branch of Trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
92
Laryngeal muscles
Muscles controlling the larynx's function
93
Extrinsic laryngeal muscles
Muscles outside the larynx affecting its position
94
Sternothyroideus
Extrinsic muscle lowering the larynx
95
Thyrohyoideus
Extrinsic muscle elevating the larynx
96
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles
Muscles within the larynx controlling airflow
97
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
Opens glottis via arytenoid abduction
98
Cricoarytenoideus lateralis
Constricts glottis during swallowing
99
Thyroarytenoideus
Muscle constricting the glottis
100
Vocalis
Modulates tension of vocal cords
101
Ventricularis
Constricts glottis, aids in phonation
102
Arytenoideus transversus
Unpaired muscle constricting the glottis
103
Hyoepiglotticus
Constricts glottis, connects hyoid to epiglottis
104
Cricothyroideus
Only muscle innervated by CN 10's superior laryngeal nerve
105
Caudal laryngeal nerve
Innervates most intrinsic laryngeal muscles
106
Neck muscles
Muscles supporting head and neck movement
107
Rectus capitis muscles
Muscles controlling head position
108
Splenius
Muscle aiding balance during movement
109
Longus capitis
Inserts on basioccipital bone
110
Longus colli
Enters thoracic inlet, stabilizes neck
111
Extraocular muscles
Muscles controlling eye movement
112
Oculomotor nerve
Innervates most extraocular eye muscles
113
Abducent nerve
Innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye
114
Trochlear nerve
Innervates dorsal oblique muscle of eye
115
Strabismus
Disorder causing misalignment of eyes
