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VETA 101 > Doc Ariel Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Doc Ariel Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Comprises heart and blood vessels.

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2
Q

Circulatory System

A

System responsible for blood circulation.

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3
Q

Blood Vascular System

A

Includes blood, heart, arteries, capillaries, veins.

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4
Q

Lymph Vascular System

A

Includes lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes.

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5
Q

Heart

A

Muscular organ that pumps blood.

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6
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Location of the heart within the body.

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7
Q

Base of Heart

A

Faces craniodorsally in the thoracic cavity.

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8
Q

Apex of Heart

A

Directed caudoventrally, points downward.

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9
Q

Mediastinum

A

Area between lungs containing the heart.

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10
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibroserous envelope surrounding the heart.

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11
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Tough outer sac surrounding the heart.

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12
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Membrane forming a closed cavity around heart.

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13
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Potential space containing lubricating fluid.

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14
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of heart chambers and valves.

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15
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscle layer responsible for heart contractions.

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16
Q

Epicardium

A

Thin membrane covering the heart surface.

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17
Q

Chambers of the Heart

A

Divided into right and left sides.

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18
Q

Atria

A

Craniodorsal chambers receiving blood into heart.

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19
Q

Ventricles

A

Caudoventral chambers pumping blood out of heart.

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20
Q

Interatrial Septum

A

Separates right and left atria internally.

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21
Q

Interventricular Septum

A

Separates right and left ventricles internally.

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22
Q

Auricle

A

Blind pocket of the atrium.

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23
Q

Pectinate Muscles

A

Muscular bands in auricle walls.

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24
Q

Auricular Surface

A

Surface of heart facing the left thoracic wall.

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25
Q

Paraconal interventricular groove

A

External groove separating right and left ventricles.

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26
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Major vessel carrying blood from right ventricle.

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27
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Vein draining blood from heart into right atrium.

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28
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins.

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29
Q

Sinus venarum

A

Main area of right atrium with four openings.

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30
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Wall separating left and right atria.

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31
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Shallow depression in interatrial septum, vestige of fetal foramen.

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32
Q

Intervenous tubercle

A

Projection directing blood flow into right ventricle.

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33
Q

Right auricle

A

Blind pouch of right atrium, ear-shaped.

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34
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Interlacing muscle bands in auricles of atria.

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35
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Smooth surface at entrance of right auricle.

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36
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation.

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37
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle.

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38
Q

RAVO

A

Right atrioventricular opening for blood flow to RV.

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39
Q

Conus arteriosus

A

Funnel-shaped area before pulmonary trunk in RV.

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40
Q

Coronary groove

A

Sulcus between atria and ventricles containing blood vessels.

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41
Q

Left auricle

A

Pouch of left atrium, similar to right auricle.

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42
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Vein draining blood from heart into coronary sinus.

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43
Q

Cranial vena cava

A

Vein carrying blood from upper body to right atrium.

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44
Q

Caudal vena cava

A

Vein carrying blood from lower body to right atrium.

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45
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to left side of heart.

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46
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to right side of heart.

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47
Q

Atrial surface

A

Surface of heart facing the thoracic wall.

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48
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries.

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49
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

Fibromuscular cords anchoring AV valve to papillary muscles.

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50
Q

Papillary Muscles

A

Muscular projections attaching to chordae tendineae.

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51
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Muscular ridges in ventricular walls.

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52
Q

Septomarginalis

A

Moderator band in right ventricle for conduction.

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53
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

Guards pulmonary opening from right ventricle.

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54
Q

Left Atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins.

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55
Q

Left AV Opening

A

Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle.

56
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Also known as left AV valve; has septal and parietal cusps.

57
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.

58
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Guards opening from left ventricle to aorta.

59
Q

Aorta

A

Major artery delivering oxygenated blood to the body.

60
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary trunk.

61
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

62
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum

A

Fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus in adults.

63
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Fetal structure shunting blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta.

64
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Vestige of the closed foramen ovale in adults.

65
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Fetal opening between atria, closes after birth.

66
Q

Caudal

A

Refers to the tail end of the body.

67
Q

Cranial

A

Refers to the head end of the body.

68
Q

Apex of the Heart

A

Tip of the left ventricle, conical in shape.

69
Q

Pressure Difference

A

Left ventricle pressure is 4x higher than right.

70
Q

Aorta

A

Main artery carrying oxygenated blood from heart.

71
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Artery transporting deoxygenated blood to lungs.

72
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Fetal vessel connecting pulmonary trunk to aorta.

73
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A

Failure of ductus arteriosus to close postnatally.

74
Q

Interatrial Septal Defect

A

Failure of foramen ovale to close between atria.

75
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Valve preventing backflow from ventricle to atrium.

76
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right atrioventricular valve with three cusps.

77
Q

Bicuspid/Mitral valve

A

Left atrioventricular valve with two cusps.

78
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Valve with three cusps preventing backflow from arteries.

79
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Right semilunar valve between right ventricle and trunk.

80
Q

Aortic valve

A

Left semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta.

81
Q

Point of Maximal Intensity

A

Location on chest where valve sounds are loudest.

82
Q

PAM-345

A

Mnemonic for valve locations on left side.

83
Q

Blood vessels

A

System of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

84
Q

Arteries

A

Thick-walled vessels transporting blood under high pressure.

85
Q

Capillaries

A

Exchange vessels for oxygen and carbon dioxide.

86
Q

Veins

A

Thin-walled vessels with large lumen for blood reservoir.

87
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to the heart muscle from aorta.

88
Q

Left Coronary artery

A

Branches into paraconal and circumflex arteries.

89
Q

Right Coronary artery

A

Arises from right aortic sinus, supplies right heart.

90
Q

Dorsal view of heart

A

Shows coronary artery paths and their branches.

91
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Vestigial remnant of closed ductus arteriosus.

92
Q

Great cardiac vein

A

Returns blood to the right atrium from coronary sinus.

93
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Dilated terminal end of the great cardiac vein.

94
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Blood vessels supplying functional lungs’ blood.

95
Q

Bronchial BVs

A

Nutritional blood supply to lung tissues.

96
Q

Central circulation

A

Includes blood vessels to heart and lungs.

97
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Carries unoxygenated blood from right ventricle.

98
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

99
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Circulation of blood throughout the body.

100
Q

Aorta

A

Main artery carrying systemic blood from heart.

101
Q

Ascending aorta

A

Part of aorta attached to heart’s base.

102
Q

Aortic arch

A

U-turn section of aorta supplying head and limbs.

103
Q

Descending aorta

A

Part of aorta divided into thoracic and abdominal.

104
Q

Aortic bulb

A

Slightly expanded origin of the ascending aorta.

105
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to the heart muscle.

106
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk

A

First large artery from the aortic arch.

107
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

First branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.

108
Q

Right common carotid artery

A

Ascends neck with left common carotid artery.

109
Q

Right subclavian artery

A

Last branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.

110
Q

Subclavian artery

A

Supplies neck and thoracic limb.

111
Q

Vertebral artery

A

First branch of subclavian artery for brain supply.

112
Q

Costocervical trunk

A

Branches include deep cervical and dorsal scapular arteries.

113
Q

Internal thoracic artery

A

Supplies blood to the thoracic wall.

114
Q

Axillary artery

A

Continues from subclavian artery to supply forelimb.

115
Q

Dorsal intercostal artery

A

Supplies blood to 4th-12th intercostal spaces.

116
Q

Dorsal costoabdominal artery

A

Supplies blood to dorsal abdominal wall.

117
Q

Lumbar arteries

A

First two lumbar arteries in systemic circulation.

118
Q

Cranial vena cava

A

Returns unoxygenated blood from head and neck.

119
Q

Caudal vena cava

A

Returns unoxygenated blood from abdomen and pelvis.

120
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Merges to form cranial vena cava.

121
Q

Azygous vein

A

Drains blood from thoracic wall to cranial vena cava.

122
Q

Right atrium

A

Receives unoxygenated blood from vena cavae.

123
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps unoxygenated blood to pulmonary trunk.

124
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Carries unoxygenated blood to lungs.

125
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Deliver blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs.

126
Q

External respiration

A

Gas exchange in lungs between O2 and CO2.

127
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Return oxygenated blood to left atrium.

128
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins.

129
Q

Aorta

A

Distributes oxygenated blood to body.

130
Q

Axillary artery

A

Branches from subclavian artery to thoracic limb.

131
Q

Brachial artery

A

Main artery of the forelimb.

132
Q

Cephalic vein

A

Major vein of the forelimb, drains into external jugular.

133
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Connects cephalic and brachial veins.

134
Q

Thoracodorsal artery

A

Branch of subscapular artery supplying latissimus dorsi.

135
Q

Common interosseous artery

A

Supplies blood to forelimb’s interosseous space.

136
Q

Collateral ulnar artery

A

Supplies blood to elbow region.

137
Q

Transverse cubital artery

A

Supplies blood to the cubital region.

VETA 101 (13 decks)

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