Doc Ariel Cardiovascular system Flashcards
1
Q
Cardiovascular System
A
Comprises heart and blood vessels.
2
Q
Circulatory System
A
System responsible for blood circulation.
3
Q
Blood Vascular System
A
Includes blood, heart, arteries, capillaries, veins.
4
Q
Lymph Vascular System
A
Includes lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes.
5
Q
Heart
A
Muscular organ that pumps blood.
6
Q
Thoracic Cavity
A
Location of the heart within the body.
7
Q
Base of Heart
A
Faces craniodorsally in the thoracic cavity.
8
Q
Apex of Heart
A
Directed caudoventrally, points downward.
9
Q
Mediastinum
A
Area between lungs containing the heart.
10
Q
Pericardium
A
Fibroserous envelope surrounding the heart.
11
Q
Fibrous Pericardium
A
Tough outer sac surrounding the heart.
12
Q
Serous Pericardium
A
Membrane forming a closed cavity around heart.
13
Q
Pericardial Cavity
A
Potential space containing lubricating fluid.
14
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner lining of heart chambers and valves.
15
Q
Myocardium
A
Muscle layer responsible for heart contractions.
16
Q
Epicardium
A
Thin membrane covering the heart surface.
17
Q
Chambers of the Heart
A
Divided into right and left sides.
18
Q
Atria
A
Craniodorsal chambers receiving blood into heart.
19
Q
Ventricles
A
Caudoventral chambers pumping blood out of heart.
20
Q
Interatrial Septum
A
Separates right and left atria internally.
21
Q
Interventricular Septum
A
Separates right and left ventricles internally.
22
Q
Auricle
A
Blind pocket of the atrium.
23
Q
Pectinate Muscles
A
Muscular bands in auricle walls.
24
Q
Auricular Surface
A
Surface of heart facing the left thoracic wall.
25
Paraconal interventricular groove
External groove separating right and left ventricles.
26
Pulmonary trunk
Major vessel carrying blood from right ventricle.
27
Coronary sinus
Vein draining blood from heart into right atrium.
28
Right atrium
Receives deoxygenated blood from systemic veins.
29
Sinus venarum
Main area of right atrium with four openings.
30
Interatrial septum
Wall separating left and right atria.
31
Fossa ovalis
Shallow depression in interatrial septum, vestige of fetal foramen.
32
Intervenous tubercle
Projection directing blood flow into right ventricle.
33
Right auricle
Blind pouch of right atrium, ear-shaped.
34
Pectinate muscles
Interlacing muscle bands in auricles of atria.
35
Crista terminalis
Smooth surface at entrance of right auricle.
36
Right ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood into pulmonary circulation.
37
Tricuspid valve
Valve between right atrium and right ventricle.
38
RAVO
Right atrioventricular opening for blood flow to RV.
39
Conus arteriosus
Funnel-shaped area before pulmonary trunk in RV.
40
Coronary groove
Sulcus between atria and ventricles containing blood vessels.
41
Left auricle
Pouch of left atrium, similar to right auricle.
42
Great cardiac vein
Vein draining blood from heart into coronary sinus.
43
Cranial vena cava
Vein carrying blood from upper body to right atrium.
44
Caudal vena cava
Vein carrying blood from lower body to right atrium.
45
Left coronary artery
Supplies blood to left side of heart.
46
Right coronary artery
Supplies blood to right side of heart.
47
Atrial surface
Surface of heart facing the thoracic wall.
48
Pulmonary Trunk
Divides into right and left pulmonary arteries.
49
Chordae Tendineae
Fibromuscular cords anchoring AV valve to papillary muscles.
50
Papillary Muscles
Muscular projections attaching to chordae tendineae.
51
Trabeculae Carneae
Muscular ridges in ventricular walls.
52
Septomarginalis
Moderator band in right ventricle for conduction.
53
Pulmonary Valve
Guards pulmonary opening from right ventricle.
54
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins.
55
Left AV Opening
Allows blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle.
56
Mitral Valve
Also known as left AV valve; has septal and parietal cusps.
57
Left Ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.
58
Aortic Valve
Guards opening from left ventricle to aorta.
59
Aorta
Major artery delivering oxygenated blood to the body.
60
Right Ventricle
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the pulmonary trunk.
61
Pulmonary Veins
Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
62
Ligamentum Arteriosum
Fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus in adults.
63
Ductus Arteriosus
Fetal structure shunting blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta.
64
Fossa Ovalis
Vestige of the closed foramen ovale in adults.
65
Foramen Ovale
Fetal opening between atria, closes after birth.
66
Caudal
Refers to the tail end of the body.
67
Cranial
Refers to the head end of the body.
68
Apex of the Heart
Tip of the left ventricle, conical in shape.
69
Pressure Difference
Left ventricle pressure is 4x higher than right.
70
Aorta
Main artery carrying oxygenated blood from heart.
71
Pulmonary trunk
Artery transporting deoxygenated blood to lungs.
72
Ductus arteriosus
Fetal vessel connecting pulmonary trunk to aorta.
73
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Failure of ductus arteriosus to close postnatally.
74
Interatrial Septal Defect
Failure of foramen ovale to close between atria.
75
Atrioventricular valve
Valve preventing backflow from ventricle to atrium.
76
Tricuspid valve
Right atrioventricular valve with three cusps.
77
Bicuspid/Mitral valve
Left atrioventricular valve with two cusps.
78
Semilunar valve
Valve with three cusps preventing backflow from arteries.
79
Pulmonary valve
Right semilunar valve between right ventricle and trunk.
80
Aortic valve
Left semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta.
81
Point of Maximal Intensity
Location on chest where valve sounds are loudest.
82
PAM-345
Mnemonic for valve locations on left side.
83
Blood vessels
System of arteries, capillaries, and veins.
84
Arteries
Thick-walled vessels transporting blood under high pressure.
85
Capillaries
Exchange vessels for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
86
Veins
Thin-walled vessels with large lumen for blood reservoir.
87
Coronary arteries
Supply blood to the heart muscle from aorta.
88
Left Coronary artery
Branches into paraconal and circumflex arteries.
89
Right Coronary artery
Arises from right aortic sinus, supplies right heart.
90
Dorsal view of heart
Shows coronary artery paths and their branches.
91
Ligamentum arteriosum
Vestigial remnant of closed ductus arteriosus.
92
Great cardiac vein
Returns blood to the right atrium from coronary sinus.
93
Coronary sinus
Dilated terminal end of the great cardiac vein.
94
Pulmonary circulation
Blood vessels supplying functional lungs' blood.
95
Bronchial BVs
Nutritional blood supply to lung tissues.
96
Central circulation
Includes blood vessels to heart and lungs.
97
Pulmonary trunk
Carries unoxygenated blood from right ventricle.
98
Pulmonary vein
Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.
99
Systemic circulation
Circulation of blood throughout the body.
100
Aorta
Main artery carrying systemic blood from heart.
101
Ascending aorta
Part of aorta attached to heart's base.
102
Aortic arch
U-turn section of aorta supplying head and limbs.
103
Descending aorta
Part of aorta divided into thoracic and abdominal.
104
Aortic bulb
Slightly expanded origin of the ascending aorta.
105
Coronary arteries
Supply blood to the heart muscle.
106
Brachiocephalic trunk
First large artery from the aortic arch.
107
Left common carotid artery
First branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.
108
Right common carotid artery
Ascends neck with left common carotid artery.
109
Right subclavian artery
Last branch of the brachiocephalic trunk.
110
Subclavian artery
Supplies neck and thoracic limb.
111
Vertebral artery
First branch of subclavian artery for brain supply.
112
Costocervical trunk
Branches include deep cervical and dorsal scapular arteries.
113
Internal thoracic artery
Supplies blood to the thoracic wall.
114
Axillary artery
Continues from subclavian artery to supply forelimb.
115
Dorsal intercostal artery
Supplies blood to 4th-12th intercostal spaces.
116
Dorsal costoabdominal artery
Supplies blood to dorsal abdominal wall.
117
Lumbar arteries
First two lumbar arteries in systemic circulation.
118
Cranial vena cava
Returns unoxygenated blood from head and neck.
119
Caudal vena cava
Returns unoxygenated blood from abdomen and pelvis.
120
Brachiocephalic vein
Merges to form cranial vena cava.
121
Azygous vein
Drains blood from thoracic wall to cranial vena cava.
122
Right atrium
Receives unoxygenated blood from vena cavae.
123
Right ventricle
Pumps unoxygenated blood to pulmonary trunk.
124
Pulmonary trunk
Carries unoxygenated blood to lungs.
125
Pulmonary arteries
Deliver blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs.
126
External respiration
Gas exchange in lungs between O2 and CO2.
127
Pulmonary veins
Return oxygenated blood to left atrium.
128
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins.
129
Aorta
Distributes oxygenated blood to body.
130
Axillary artery
Branches from subclavian artery to thoracic limb.
131
Brachial artery
Main artery of the forelimb.
132
Cephalic vein
Major vein of the forelimb, drains into external jugular.
133
Median cubital vein
Connects cephalic and brachial veins.
134
Thoracodorsal artery
Branch of subscapular artery supplying latissimus dorsi.
135
Common interosseous artery
Supplies blood to forelimb's interosseous space.
136
Collateral ulnar artery
Supplies blood to elbow region.
137
Transverse cubital artery
Supplies blood to the cubital region.
