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VET 408: Cardio/Respiratory > Thoracic Anatomy > Flashcards

Thoracic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

components of the rib cage

A

vertebrae, ribs, sternum

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2
Q

margins of the thoracic cavity

A

cranial: thoracic inlet
caudal: diaphragm
dorsal: thoracic vertebrae
ventral: sternum
lateral: ribs, costal cartilage, intercostal muscles

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3
Q

thoracic inlet

A

cranial entry/exit point from the thorax
- located at the level of the first thoracic vertebrae/rib and manubrium sternum

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4
Q

what structures pass through the thoracic inlet

A

longus colli muscle
esophagus
trachea
arteries/veins of the head, neck, and thoracic limbs
vagosympathetic trunk

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5
Q

thoracic outlet

A

caudal entry/exit point from the thorax
- located at the level of the last thoracic vertebrae/rib, costal arch, last sternebrae, and xiphoid process

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6
Q

costal arch

A

lower edge of the thorax formed by the bottom edge of the ribcage

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7
Q

what structures pass through the thoracic outlet

A

descending aorta
azygous vein
sympathetic trunk
cisterna chyli/thoracic duct
esophagus
dorsal and ventral vagal trunks
caudal vena cava

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8
Q

what makes up the thoracic viscera

A

lungs, heart, trachea, esophagus, vessels, nerves

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9
Q

what structures are most visible on the left side

A

aorta
L subclavian
esophagus

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10
Q

what structures are most visible on the right side

A

cranial and caudal vena cava
azygous vein
axillary artery

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11
Q

plica vena cava

A

fold of pleura that surrounds the vena cava as it exits the mediastinum

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12
Q

phrenic nerve

A

innervates the diaphragm to control breathing

bilateral - there is a R and L phrenic nerve

ID by the largest nerve running across the heart

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13
Q

origination of the phrenic nerve

A

C3, C4, C5

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14
Q

cervicothoracic ganglia

A

stellate ganglia

connected to the middle cervical ganglia via ansa subclavia fibers

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15
Q

ansa subclavia

A

nerve fibers that connects the cervicothoracic ganglia to the middle cervical ganglia

modulates sympathetic input

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16
Q

middle cervical ganglia

A

sympathetic ganglia

origination point of the vagosympathetic trunk (runs cranially)

sympathetic trunk originates from spinal cord –> runs cranially to middle cervical ganglia –> vago-sympathetic trunk to the head

vagus nerve originates from brainstem –> runs caudally in vago-sympathetic trunk to middle cervical ganglia –> runs caudally into abdomen as dorsal and ventral branches

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17
Q

vagus nerve

A

parasympathetic innervation of the heart, lungs, and upper abdominal viscera

bilateral - L and R

branches from the middle cervical ganglia into dorsal and ventral branches

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18
Q

vago-sympathetic trunk

A

joint sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves within the same sheath

run together in the cervical region

19
Q

mediastinum

A

middle space of the pleural cavity

contains almost all thoracic structures

20
Q

what thoracic structures does the mediastinum not contain

A

lungs
part of the caudal vena cava
phrenic nerve

21
Q

why is part of the caudal vena cava not in the mediastinum

A

caudal vena cava exits the mediastinum surrounded by plica vena cava

22
Q

what forms the mediastinum

A

serosal linings

in some species: mediastinum is incomplete at birth –> has persistent fenestrations

23
Q

how many thoracic serous sacs are there

A

three
1. pericardium
2. L pleural sac
3. R pleural sac

24
Q

what are the two linings of each sac

A

fibrous and serous

25
Q

fibrous lining

A

outermost side of each membrane/sac

“sticky” - attaches to the heart, lung, or fibrous lining of adjacent sac

26
Q

serous lining

A

innermost side of each membrane/sac

“smooth” to rub against each other to allow movement of organs

27
Q

visceral pleura/pericardium

A

inside wall of the sac that is in contact with the organ

has a serous (inner) and fibrous (outer) side of the membrane

28
Q

parietal pleura/pericardium

A

outside wall of the sac that is in contact with adjacent sacs or body wall

has a serous (inner) and fibrous (outer) side of the membrane

29
Q

pleural/pericardial cavity

A

potential space between the serous membranes of the visceral and parietal pleura/pericardium

30
Q

what do pleural sacs surround

A

surround each lung

31
Q

pulmonary visceral pleura

A

visceral pleura that is in contact with the lungs

32
Q

costal parietal pleura

A

parietal pleura that is in contact with the ribs (lateral pleural cavity)

33
Q

mediastinal parietal pleura

A

parietal pleura that is in contact with the mediastinum (medial pleural cavity)

34
Q

diaphragmatic parietal pleura

A

parietal pleura that is in contact with the diaphragm (caudal pleural cavity)

35
Q

what are pleural sacs lined with and why

A

mesothelial cells

produce a small amount of fluid to lubricate and allows serous linings to slide

36
Q

what does the pericardium surround

A

surrounds the heart

37
Q

parts of the pericardium

A

epicardium (visceral pericardium)
parietal pericardium

38
Q

lines of reflections

A

occur where parietal pleura reflects from one wall of the thorax to another (or to the mediastinum)

  1. vertebral line of reflection
  2. sternal line of reflection
  3. diaphragmatic line of reflection
39
Q

vertebral line of reflection

A

where the costal pleura becomes mediastinal pleura (dorsally)

40
Q

sternal line of reflection

A

where the costal pleura becomes mediastinal pleura (ventrally)

41
Q

diaphragmatic line of reflection

A

where the costal pleura becomes diaphragmatic pleura

42
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

potential space in the ventral pleural cavity between the costal pleura and mediastinal pleura

43
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

potential space in the caudal ventral pleural cavity between the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura

VET 408: Cardio/Respiratory (38 decks)

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