Lung Sounds Flashcards
how many lung fields are there
eight total
R dorsal - cranial and caudal
R ventral - cranial and caudal
L dorsal - cranial and caudal
L ventral - cranial and caudal
normal breath sounds
soft, lower pitched sounds associated with air movement in and out of the lung
are breath sounds louder in large or small animals
larger animals = louder breath sounds
small animals = quieter breath sounds
is inspiration or expiration louder
inspiration
decreased breath sounds
quieter than normal breath sounds caused by:
- reduced depth of breathing (shallow breaths)
- pleural space disease (air, fluid, soft tissue)
different from normal breath sounds in small animals
increased breath sounds
loud or harsh breath sounds caused by increased airflow velocity
- panting
- increased respiratory effort
- pulmonary disease
what are the abnormal breath sounds
- wheezes
- crackles
- referred upper airway sounds
- stridor
- stertor
- tracheal collapse
wheezes
continuous musical sound on expiration (+/- inspiration)
causes of wheezes
air flow through a narrowed cavity
- airway collapse
- bronchoconstriction
crackles
discontinuous popping sound heard on inspiration
cause of crackles
reopening of airways during lung expansion
- pulmonary parenchymal disease (infiltrate in airways)
fine crackles
reopening small airways
higher pitched
coarse crackles
reopening large airways
lower pitched
referred upper airway sounds
noises heard on lung auscultation that are from the upper airway
heard WITHOUT stethoscope
causes of referred upper airway sounds
dogs: panting, brachycephalics (can be normal)
cats: upper airway obstruction (always pathologic)
stridor
high pitched, continuous whistling sound heard on inspiration (+/- expiration)
heard WITHOUT stethoscope
causes of stridor
airway obstruction (commonly laryngeal)
stertor
low pitched, discontinuous sound from the nasopharynx (snoring noses)
heard WITHOUT stethoscope
tracheal collapse
“goose honking” noise on inspiration (+/- expiration)
heard WITHOUT stethoscope
