Cardiac Anatomy Flashcards
pulmonary circulation
circulates blood in and out of the lungs
pulmonary trunk/arteries
carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle –> lungs to get oxygenated
pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs –> left atrium
systemic circulation
circulates blood in and out of the rest of the body
aorta
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle –> rest of the body
vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body –> right atrium
mitral valve
left AV valve
separates the left atrium and ventricle
bicuspid - has 2 lobes/leaflets
tricuspid valve
right AV valve
separates the right atrium and ventricle
tricuspid - has 3 lobes/leaflets
pulmonary valve
right semilunar valve
separates the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
aortic valve
left semilunar valve
separates the left ventricle and aorta
ascending aorta
beginning segment of the aorta as it exits the left ventricle
first branch off of aorta: coronary arteries
aortic arch
section of the aorta between ascending and descending
contains branches:
- brachiocephalic trunk (all species)
- L subclavian (carnivores)
brachiocephalic trunk
first branch off of the aortic arch
carnivores: branches into L and R common carotid
- R common carotid –> R subclavian –> axillary
herbivores: branches into L subclavian and bicarotid trunk
- bicarotid trunk –> L and R common carotid + R subclavian
apex of the heart
caudal/ventral aspect of the heart; points towards the L side of the thorax
consists of the ventricles
base of the heart
cranial/dorsal aspect of the heart
consists of the atria and auricles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
branches off of the vagus nerve at the level of the aortic arc; wraps around the arch to continue cranially to supply the larynx
azygos vein
collects blood from the vertebra and intercostal region and empties into the caudal vena cava
species differences in azygos veins
carnivores: only have R azygos
herbivores: have L and R azygos veins
- L drains into cranial vena cava
- R drains into coronary sinus
coronary arteries
first branch off of the aorta
branches off of the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to the heart
what kind of blood does the right side of the heart contain
deoxygenated
vena cava –> R atrium –> tricuspid valve –> R ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs
septomarginal trabeculae
moderator band
tissue strand containing specialized conductive cells to spread conduction to the walls of the R ventricle
ONLY located in the R side of the heart
coronary sinus
opening in the R atrium that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins
intravenous tubercle
projection of the R atrial wall that separates the cranial and caudal vena cava as they bring blood into the R atrium
prevents turbulence from blood entering in opposite directions; directs blood into the R atrium
fossa ovale
“scar” in adults where the foramen ovale (connection between R and L atrium) once was during development
what kind of blood is in the left side of the heart
oxygenated blood
lungs –> pulmonary veins –> L atrium –> mitral valve –> L ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta
chordae tendinae
tendinous strings that connect the AV valves to the ventricle wall
found in BOTH sides of the heart
papillary muscles
muscular bumps in the ventricle walls that anchor the chordae tendinae
found in BOTH sides of the heart
inter-ventricular septum
muscular wall diving the two ventricles
L ventricle - extremely thick wall due to high pressure required to pump blood into the aorta
L and R auricles
muscular pouches that extend externally from the atrium
located dorsal to the atria
pectinate muscles
muscles located in the inner wall of the atrium
trabeculae carneae
muscular bands located within the ventricular wall
fibrous skeleton
fibrous areas that anchor the valves of the heart and divide the atria and ventricles
ossa cordis
bones in the heart of RUMINANT ONLY
coronary groove
groove between the atria and the ventricles
site where L and R coronary arteries run
interventricular paraconal groove
site of the paraconal artery (branches off of the L coronary artery)
separates the R and L ventricles coming from the left side of the heart
interventricular subsinuosal groove
site of the R coronary artery
separates the R and L ventricle coming from the right side of the heart
left dominance
left coronary artery supplies the L and parts of the R side of the heart
carnivores and ruminants
right dominance
left coronary artery supplies the L side, right coronary artery supplies the R side of the heart
horses
