Cardiac Anatomy

Question 1

pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

circulates blood in and out of the lungs

Question 2

pulmonary trunk/arteries

Answer 2

carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle –> lungs to get oxygenated

Question 3

pulmonary veins

Answer 3

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs –> left atrium

Question 4

systemic circulation

Answer 4

circulates blood in and out of the rest of the body

Question 5

aorta

Answer 5

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle –> rest of the body

Question 6

vena cava

Answer 6

carries deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body –> right atrium

Question 7

mitral valve

Answer 7

left AV valve
separates the left atrium and ventricle

bicuspid - has 2 lobes/leaflets

Question 8

tricuspid valve

Answer 8

right AV valve
separates the right atrium and ventricle

tricuspid - has 3 lobes/leaflets

Question 9

pulmonary valve

Answer 9

right semilunar valve
separates the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 10

aortic valve

Answer 10

left semilunar valve
separates the left ventricle and aorta

Question 11

ascending aorta

Answer 11

beginning segment of the aorta as it exits the left ventricle

first branch off of aorta: coronary arteries

Question 12

aortic arch

Answer 12

section of the aorta between ascending and descending

contains branches:
- brachiocephalic trunk (all species)
- L subclavian (carnivores)

Question 13

brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 13

first branch off of the aortic arch

carnivores: branches into L and R common carotid
- R common carotid –> R subclavian –> axillary

herbivores: branches into L subclavian and bicarotid trunk
- bicarotid trunk –> L and R common carotid + R subclavian

Question 14

apex of the heart

Answer 14

caudal/ventral aspect of the heart; points towards the L side of the thorax

consists of the ventricles

Question 15

base of the heart

Answer 15

cranial/dorsal aspect of the heart

consists of the atria and auricles

Question 16

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 16

branches off of the vagus nerve at the level of the aortic arc; wraps around the arch to continue cranially to supply the larynx

Question 17

azygos vein

Answer 17

collects blood from the vertebra and intercostal region and empties into the caudal vena cava

Question 18

species differences in azygos veins

Answer 18

carnivores: only have R azygos

herbivores: have L and R azygos veins
- L drains into cranial vena cava
- R drains into coronary sinus

Question 19

coronary arteries

Answer 19

first branch off of the aorta

branches off of the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 20

what kind of blood does the right side of the heart contain

Answer 20

deoxygenated

vena cava –> R atrium –> tricuspid valve –> R ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs

Question 21

septomarginal trabeculae

Answer 21

moderator band

tissue strand containing specialized conductive cells to spread conduction to the walls of the R ventricle

ONLY located in the R side of the heart

Question 22

coronary sinus

Answer 22

opening in the R atrium that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins

Question 23

intravenous tubercle

Answer 23

projection of the R atrial wall that separates the cranial and caudal vena cava as they bring blood into the R atrium

prevents turbulence from blood entering in opposite directions; directs blood into the R atrium

Question 24

fossa ovale

Answer 24

“scar” in adults where the foramen ovale (connection between R and L atrium) once was during development

Question 25

what kind of blood is in the left side of the heart

Answer 25

oxygenated blood

lungs –> pulmonary veins –> L atrium –> mitral valve –> L ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta

Question 26

chordae tendinae

Answer 26

tendinous strings that connect the AV valves to the ventricle wall

found in BOTH sides of the heart

Question 27

papillary muscles

Answer 27

muscular bumps in the ventricle walls that anchor the chordae tendinae

found in BOTH sides of the heart

Question 28

inter-ventricular septum

Answer 28

muscular wall diving the two ventricles

L ventricle - extremely thick wall due to high pressure required to pump blood into the aorta

Question 29

L and R auricles

Answer 29

muscular pouches that extend externally from the atrium

located dorsal to the atria

Question 30

pectinate muscles

Answer 30

muscles located in the inner wall of the atrium

Question 31

trabeculae carneae

Answer 31

muscular bands located within the ventricular wall

Question 32

fibrous skeleton

Answer 32

fibrous areas that anchor the valves of the heart and divide the atria and ventricles

Question 33

ossa cordis

Answer 33

bones in the heart of RUMINANT ONLY

Question 34

coronary groove

Answer 34

groove between the atria and the ventricles

site where L and R coronary arteries run

Question 35

interventricular paraconal groove

Answer 35

site of the paraconal artery (branches off of the L coronary artery)

separates the R and L ventricles coming from the left side of the heart

Question 36

interventricular subsinuosal groove

Answer 36

site of the R coronary artery

separates the R and L ventricle coming from the right side of the heart

Question 37

left dominance

Answer 37

left coronary artery supplies the L and parts of the R side of the heart

carnivores and ruminants

Question 38

right dominance

Answer 38

left coronary artery supplies the L side, right coronary artery supplies the R side of the heart

horses