Thoracic-Abdominal Wall Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the Internal Thoracic/Mammary Artery run?

A

Between the Internal Intercostal muscles and the Transversus Thoracis

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2
Q

Where do the Anterior Intercostal Arteries and Posterior Intercostal Arteries Anatamose?

A
  1. PIAs from Highest (Superior) Intercostal Artery: Lateral Wall
  2. PIAs from Descending Aorta: Anterior Wall (b/c PIAs from Aorta much larger than AIAs)
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3
Q

Where does the Superior Epigastric Artery run?

A

Between the Rectus Abdominus and the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath

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4
Q

Where does the Superior Epigastric Artery Anastamose with the Inferior Epigastric Artery?

A

At the level of the Umbilicus

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5
Q

Where does the Musculophrenic Artery Anastamose with the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery?

A

At the level of the Umbilicus

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6
Q

Where does the External Iliac Artery Split into the Inferior Epigastric Artery and the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery?

A

Just superior to the Inguinal Ligament

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7
Q

Where does the Internal Thoracic/Mammary Artery split into the Musculophrenic Artery and the Superior Epigastric Artery?

A

At the level of the Xiphisternal Junction

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8
Q

Where does the Musculophrenic Artery Run?

A

Between the Transverse Abdominus and the Internal Oblique

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9
Q

What are the Alternative Routes of circulation in someone with Aortic Coarctation?

A
  1. ITA to AIAs to PIAs
  2. ITA to MPA to AIAs to PIAs
  3. Axillary Artery branches to PIAs
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10
Q

How would Aortic Coarctation be manifested in a patient?

A

High BP in the Common Carotid Artery, Axillary Artery, etc.

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11
Q

What are the exceptions to the general circulation pattern of the veins vs. arteries in the Thoracic Abdominal Wall?

A
  1. The Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein drains directly into the Subclavian Vein (No Costocervical Trunk)
  2. The Internal Thoracic Vein drains directly into the Brachiocephalic Vein
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12
Q

What is the Parent of the Azygous Vein?

A

The most superior lumbar veins

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13
Q

What does the Azygous Vein Drain?

A

The Posterior Thoracic Wall and superior posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What does the Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein drain?

A

The Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Spaces

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15
Q

What are the options for the drainage of the Right Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Veins?

A
  1. Right Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein to the Right Subclavian Vein
  2. Right Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein to the Azygous Vein and then, posteriorly and superiorly to the root of the lung, to the SVC
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16
Q

What are the Options for the Drainage of the Hemiazygous Vein?

A
  1. Cross over Vertebrae Anteriorly to the Azygous Vein

2. Connect to the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein

17
Q

What are the Options for the drainage of the Left Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Veins?

A
  1. Left Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein to the Left Subclavian Vein
  2. Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein between the Phrenic and Vagus Nerves and arching over the Arch of the Aorta to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
18
Q

Where does the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein run?

A

Between the Phrenic and Vagus Nerves and then arches over the arch of the Aorta to the Brachiocephalic Vein

19
Q

Where does the Sternopericardial (Pericardiophrenic) Vein drain?

A

Received by the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein as it connects with the Left Brachiocephalic Vein

20
Q

Where does the Inferior Thyroid Vein Drain?

A

Into the Left Brachiocephalic Vein

21
Q

Where does the Azygous vein drain?

A

Posterior and superior to the root of the lung to the SVC

22
Q

What is a plexus of vertebral veins?

A

Batson’s plexus

23
Q

What is the Parent of the Sternopericardial/Pericardiophrenic Artery?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

24
Q

What is the Parent of the Pericardial Arteries?

A

The Descending Aorta