Thoracic-Abdominal Wall Circulation Flashcards
Where does the Internal Thoracic/Mammary Artery run?
Between the Internal Intercostal muscles and the Transversus Thoracis
Where do the Anterior Intercostal Arteries and Posterior Intercostal Arteries Anatamose?
- PIAs from Highest (Superior) Intercostal Artery: Lateral Wall
- PIAs from Descending Aorta: Anterior Wall (b/c PIAs from Aorta much larger than AIAs)
Where does the Superior Epigastric Artery run?
Between the Rectus Abdominus and the Posterior layer of the Rectus Sheath
Where does the Superior Epigastric Artery Anastamose with the Inferior Epigastric Artery?
At the level of the Umbilicus
Where does the Musculophrenic Artery Anastamose with the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery?
At the level of the Umbilicus
Where does the External Iliac Artery Split into the Inferior Epigastric Artery and the Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery?
Just superior to the Inguinal Ligament
Where does the Internal Thoracic/Mammary Artery split into the Musculophrenic Artery and the Superior Epigastric Artery?
At the level of the Xiphisternal Junction
Where does the Musculophrenic Artery Run?
Between the Transverse Abdominus and the Internal Oblique
What are the Alternative Routes of circulation in someone with Aortic Coarctation?
- ITA to AIAs to PIAs
- ITA to MPA to AIAs to PIAs
- Axillary Artery branches to PIAs
How would Aortic Coarctation be manifested in a patient?
High BP in the Common Carotid Artery, Axillary Artery, etc.
What are the exceptions to the general circulation pattern of the veins vs. arteries in the Thoracic Abdominal Wall?
- The Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein drains directly into the Subclavian Vein (No Costocervical Trunk)
- The Internal Thoracic Vein drains directly into the Brachiocephalic Vein
What is the Parent of the Azygous Vein?
The most superior lumbar veins
What does the Azygous Vein Drain?
The Posterior Thoracic Wall and superior posterior abdominal wall
What does the Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein drain?
The Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Spaces
What are the options for the drainage of the Right Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Veins?
- Right Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein to the Right Subclavian Vein
- Right Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein to the Azygous Vein and then, posteriorly and superiorly to the root of the lung, to the SVC
What are the Options for the Drainage of the Hemiazygous Vein?
- Cross over Vertebrae Anteriorly to the Azygous Vein
2. Connect to the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
What are the Options for the drainage of the Left Upper 3 Posterior Intercostal Veins?
- Left Highest (Superior) Intercostal Vein to the Left Subclavian Vein
- Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein between the Phrenic and Vagus Nerves and arching over the Arch of the Aorta to the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Where does the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein run?
Between the Phrenic and Vagus Nerves and then arches over the arch of the Aorta to the Brachiocephalic Vein
Where does the Sternopericardial (Pericardiophrenic) Vein drain?
Received by the Left Posterior Superior Intercostal Vein as it connects with the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Where does the Inferior Thyroid Vein Drain?
Into the Left Brachiocephalic Vein
Where does the Azygous vein drain?
Posterior and superior to the root of the lung to the SVC
What is a plexus of vertebral veins?
Batson’s plexus
What is the Parent of the Sternopericardial/Pericardiophrenic Artery?
Internal Thoracic Artery
What is the Parent of the Pericardial Arteries?
The Descending Aorta
