Muscles of Respiration

Question 1

What are the 3 dimensions of respiration and what muscles and movements are involved in each?

Answer 1

1. Transverse: Intercostal Muscles (Bucket-handle movement)
2. Anteroposterior: Intercostal Muscles (Pump-handle movement)
3. Vertical: Diaphragm

Question 2

What are the Phases of Respiration?

Answer 2

1. Inspiration

2. Expiration

Question 3

What are the types of Inspiration and what muscles and movements are involved in each?

Answer 3

1. Normal/Quiet Inspiration: Minimal contraction, all diameters involved, ribs move superiorly (scalene muscles)
2. Forced Inspiration: Maximal Contraction, Accessory Muscles (Pec Major and Minor, Serratus Ant), Brace UE for switch of origin and insertion and expansion of thoracic cavity

Question 4

What are the types of Expiration and what muscles and movements are involved in each?

Answer 4

1. Normal/Quiet Expiration: Relaxation of muscles, elastic recoil, increased muscle tone of anterior abd muscles
2. Forced Expiration: Contraction of rectus and oblique muscles, Quad lumborum pulls 12th rib down, some intercostal muscles pull ribs down

Question 5

What are the Types of Respiration and what types of people utilize each?

Answer 5

1. Abdominal: Diaphragmatic, Babies and young children because ribs horizontal, Males
2. Thoracic: Movement of ribs, after 2nd year b/c ribs more oblique, Females

Question 6

Emphysema

Answer 6

• Alveolar sacs burst creating nonfunctional air space

- End expiratory Wheeze