Kidneys

Question 1

Position and Relationships of Kidneys

Answer 1

1. Between L1 and L4
2. Posterior to Psoas Major (also Quad Lumborum and Diaphragm)
3. 12th rib crosses it superiorly

Question 2

Surfaces, borders, and poles of Kidney

Answer 2

1. Anterior and Posterior Surface
2. Medial and Lateral Borders
3. Upper and Lower Poles

Question 3

Which kidney is lower and why?

Answer 3

The Right kidney because of the liver

Question 4

What structures is the Right Kidney’s Anterior Surface related to?

Answer 4

1. Liver
2. Descending Duodenum
3. Right Colic Flexure
4. Small intestine

Question 5

What structures is the Left Kidney’s Anterior Surface related to?

Answer 5

1. Stomach
2. Spleen
3. Pancreas
4. Left Colic Flexure
5. Small Intestine

Question 6

What is the Hilus of the Kidney and where is it located?

Answer 6

Concavity of the medial border of the kidney where the renal pelvis enters

Question 7

Renal Sinus

Answer 7

Opening just inside the kidney from the Hilus

Question 8

Renal Pedicle

Answer 8

1. Renal Vessels

2. Renal Pelvis

Question 9

Divisions of the Renal Pelvis

Answer 9

1. 2-3 Major Calices

2. 7-14 Minor Calices

Question 10

Relationship between Ureter, Renal Vein, and Renal Artery from Anterior to Posterior

Answer 10

1. Renal Vein
2. Renal Artery
3. Ureter

Question 11

Hydronephrosis

Answer 11

Damming of ureter, causing region above it to expand

Question 12

Why may the Renal Artery have accessory arteries?

Answer 12

Because the kidney develops interiorly (pelvic area) and migrates to normal position, retaining inferior blood supply

Question 13

Which Renal Vein is longer and why?

Answer 13

The Left one because it has to cross anteriorly to the Descending aorta

Question 14

Pelvic Kidney

Answer 14

Kidney never migrates superiorly to normal position

Question 15

Cystic Kidney

Answer 15

• Condition of having cysts on kidney, common

- Only dangerous if kidney becomes polycystic and nonfunctional

Question 16

Horseshoe Kidney

Answer 16

Kidneys connect together in pelvis and get hung up on the Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 17

What kind of organ in the ureter?

Answer 17

Retroperitoneal

Question 18

How long is the ureter?

Answer 18

about 10” long

Question 19

What is the path of the ureter?

Answer 19

1. Descends on Psoas Major
2. Crosses common Iliac or External Iliac Anteriorly
3. Dives into pelvis along Lateral wall
4. connects to posterior lateral surface of bladder

Question 20

Congenital Abnormalities of Ureters

Answer 20

1. Bifidus Ureter
2. Double Pelvis
3. Megalo-ureter
4. Post Caval Ureter (btwn IVC and Aorta)
5. Ectopic Ureter (goes into urethra)

Question 21

Differences in Urethra length in Males and Females

Answer 21

1. Females: 1.5” long

2. Males: 8” long

Question 22

Path of Urethra in Males and Females

Answer 22

1. Females: btwn vagina and clitoris to vestibule of vagina

2. Males: Intermural urethra, prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

Question 23

What is the longest part of the urethra in a male?

Answer 23

Spongy urethra

Question 24

What is the name for the condition of having the prostate gland encroach upon the urethra?

Answer 24

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Question 25

What procedure treats BPH?

Answer 25

Trans Urethra Resection of Prostate (TURP)