Thoracic

Question 1

what are the boundries of the heart

Answer 1

1. Thoracic wall
2. Pleural cavities (L&R)
3. Mediastinum
4. Pericardial cavity

Question 2

what are the boundries of the thoracic wall and what are it’s functions

Answer 2

Boundries:
Anterior= sternum
Posterior= T1-12
lateral= ribs 1-2

Functions:
- Protects contents of sacs
- Alllows movement for respiration

Question 3

what are the 4 parts of the sternum

what type of joint is in the middle

Answer 3

Manubrium

Sternal angle

Sternal body

Xiphoid process

Symphysis (secondary cartilagionus)

Question 4

what is the difference between true ribs, false ribs & floating ribs

Answer 4

True
- Articulare DIRECTLY with the sterum
- ribs 1->7
- AKA vertebro-sternal

False
- Articulate INDIRECTLY
- ribs 8-10
- AKA vertebro-chondral

Floating
- No articulation
- ribs 11 & 12

Question 5

what type of joints seperate the costal cartilage with the…
1. sterum
2. ribs

which one has more movement

Answer 5

1. chondral-sternal
   - lots of movement
2. costo-chondral
   - little movement

Question 6

what ribs are typical & atypical

Answer 6

Typical= 3-9

Aytpical- 1,2, 10, 11 & 12

Question 7

what are the different parts of a rib

Answer 7

Head

Neck

Tubercle

Angle

Shaft

Costal cartialage

Chondralsternal joint

Costochondral joint

Question 8

where do cost-vertebral joints connect

Answer 8

Ribs connect to vertebrae via costal facets (demi facets)

For rib 5:

Connects with T4’s inferior costal facet (costo-vertebral joint)

Connects with T5’s superior costal facet (costo-vertebral joint) & transverse costal facet (costo-transevere joint)

Question 9

what are the joints that connect ribs and vertebrae

also what type of joints are they

Answer 9

With the vertebrae above the rib:
- Inferior costo-vertebral

With the vertebrae below the rib:
- Superior costo-vertebral
- Costo-transvere

BOTH SYNOVIAL PLANE

Question 10

what are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet

Answer 10

Anterior- Manubrium

Lateral- ribs 1

Posterior- T1

Question 11

what are the boundaries of the thoracic outlet

Answer 11

Anterior- xiphoid process

Anterior/lateral- ribs 7-10

Posteiror/lateral- ribs 11-12

Posterior- T12

Question 12

what type of membrane is the diaphragm

Answer 12

Fibromuscular

Question 13

what are the free intercostal muscles and what direction do they travel

Answer 13

External- anterior/inferior

Internal- posterior/inferior

Innermost- posterior/inferior

Question 14

for the innermost intercostal muscles, what muscles make up the anterior & posterior remainedr

Answer 14

Anterior=
Trasversus thoracic muscles

Posteior=
Subcostalis muscle

Question 15

how many pairs of external intercostal muscles are there

Answer 15

11

Between each of the 12 ribs

Question 16

what type of tendons are intercostal tendons

why do they exist

Answer 16

Apponeurosis (thin)

Cause the muscles don’t cover the full length of the intercostal space

Question 17

what are the two intercostal membranes

Answer 17

External=

Connects external intercostal muscles with sternum

Internal=

Connects internal intercostal mucles with vertebrae

Question 18

how do you tell the difference between intercostal mucles

Answer 18

Direction of fibres chief

Question 19

which dome (side) of the diaphram lies more superior

Answer 19

Right

cause the liver innit

Question 20

what shape is the central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 20

Clover shaped

Question 21

what are the three hiatuses of the diaphragm

openings to allow structures to pass through

Answer 21

T8 - IVC
(vena cava, 8 letters)

T10- oesophagus
(10 letters)

T12- thoracic aorta

IVC is the only one that travels through the tendons rather than the muscle

Question 22

where do the phrenic nerves lie in relation to the vagus nerve

Answer 22

more lateral

Question 23

what nerves innervate the diapharam

Answer 23

C3, 4 & 5

so a little bit of the cervical and brachial plexus