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AANATOMY > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 superficial veins of lower limb

A

Great and small saphenous

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2
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus?

A

Great saphenous

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3
Q

Which vein ascends posterior to lateral malleolus?

A

Small saphenous

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4
Q

Which veins does small and great saphenous empty into?

A

great saphenous -> femoral vein

small spaehnous -> popliteal vein

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5
Q

What is varicose veins and which vein is most common affected

A

Dilated superficial veins due to incompetent valves

Great saphenous is most commonly affected

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6
Q

Important Lymph nodes in the lower limbs

A

Superficial and deep inguinal

Popliteal

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7
Q

Hip joint type

A

Synovial ball and socket

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8
Q

Why is hip joint more stable than shoulder joint?

A

Deeper socket

More stability

Weight bearing

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9
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring surrounding hip joint

Increases depth of socket -> more stability

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10
Q

Function of acetabular labrum

A

Allow head of femur to articulate with pelvis

Deepend the joint -> more stability

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11
Q

3 main ligaments of hip joint

A

ilio-femoral

pubo-femoral

ischio-femoral

(all the bones of the pelvis -> femur)

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12
Q

Iliofemoral and ischiofermoral ligament prevents what?

A

Hyperextension of hip joint

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13
Q

Pubofemoral ligament prevents what?

A

Hyperabduction of hip joint

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14
Q

Movements permitted at hip joint

A

flexion & extension

abduction & adduction

circumduction

medial & lateral rotation

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15
Q

Chief flexor of thigh

A

Iliopsoas

(formed by the union of the illiacus and psoas major as they insert onto the hip joint)

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16
Q

Flexors of the thigh

A

iliopsoas

pectineus

sartorius

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis & lateralis)

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17
Q

Extensors of hip joint

A

Gluteus maximus

Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosis & semimembranosus)

Adductor magnus

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18
Q

Main extensor of hip joint

A

Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

When is gluteus maximus strong and when is it relatively inactive?

A

Strong -> Sitting & limbing stairs

Inactive -> walking

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20
Q

What compartment of the thigh muscles is responsible for adduction?

A

Medial

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21
Q

adductor muscles

A

adductor magnus

adductor longus

adductor brevis

gracilis

obturator externus

pectineus

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22
Q

Innervation of adductor compartment

A

Obturator nerve

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23
Q

How obturator nerve exits the pelvis?

A

In the obturator canal, which is in the obturaor membrane, which is in the obturator foramen

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24
Q

What muscles abduct the hip?

A

gluteus medius

gluetus minimus

piriformis

gemelli

obturator internus

TFL

quadratus femoris

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25
Q

What prevents the pelvis dropping when 1 leg is raised?

A

Abductors on the opposite side

(hence why Trendelenberg’s sign is caused by weak abductor muscles)

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26
Q

Medial rotators of hip joint

A

gluteus minimus

glutues medius

TFL

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27
Q

4 heads of quariceps femoris?

A

recuts femoris

vastus medialis

vastus lateralis

vastus intermedius

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28
Q

Which nerve innervates quadriceps?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-4)

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29
Q

Action of rectus femoris on hip

A

Stabilisation

helps iliopsoas flex

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30
Q

What forms quadriceps tendon and what does this continue as?

A

Quadriceps tendon -> 4 parts of quadriceps unite proximal to patella

cotinues as -> patellar ligamaent

31
Q

Quadriceps action on knee

A

Extension

32
Q

3 actions of sartorius on hip

A

flexion

lateral rotation

abduction

33
Q

sartorius action on knee

A

flexion

34
Q

What movement shows action of sartorius muscle?

A

Place heel on opposite patella

35
Q

Why does sartorius both flex hip and knee joint?

A

Spirals around thigh from lateral to medial

Crosses hip anteriorly and knee posteriorly

36
Q

5 medial thigh muscles

A

adductor magnus

adductor longus

adductor brevis

gracilis

obturator externus

37
Q

Innervation of medial thigh muscles

A

Obturator nerve (L2 -> L4)

38
Q

Structures passing through adductor hiatus

A

Femoral artery & vein

They then enter the popliteal fossa

39
Q

Femoral artery is a continuation of which artery?

A

External iliac artery

40
Q

Where does external iliac artery –> femoral artery?

A

Middle of inguinal ligament

41
Q

Femoral artery enters thigh midway between which 2 bony structures?

A

ASIS and pubic symphysis

(in the femoral triangle)

42
Q

Branch of femoral artery passing posteriorly towards hamstrings?

A

Profunda femoris artery

43
Q

Femoral vein is a continuation of which vein?

A

Popliteal

44
Q

Femoral vein passes under inguinal ligament to become..

A

External iliac vein

(veins go up remeber you mug)

45
Q

2 important veins draining into femoral triangle

A

profundal femoris vein

great saphenous vein

46
Q

Cannulation of femoral vein is used for what?

A

Cardiac angiography

47
Q

Largest branch of lumbar plexus (T12 -> L5)

A

Femoral nerve

48
Q

what is the femoral triangle

A

Triangular depression below inguinal ligament

49
Q

medial border of femoral triangle

A

adductor longus

(apex of feomral triagnle= where the adducor longus crosses over the sartorius)

50
Q

Lateral border of femoral triangle

A

sartorius

51
Q

base (top) of femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

52
Q

3 main contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral vein (most medial)

femoral artery

femoral nerve (most lateral)

(all the femoral shite)

53
Q

what is the femoral sheath

A

Funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds proximal part of femoral vessels (femoral artery & vein)

Creates femoral canal medial to them

the femoral canal contains:

  • lymphactics
  • fat
  • loos connective tissue

It fucking does not surround the femoral nerve

54
Q

what is this

A

A femoral hernia

Due to a weak femoral ring (top of femoral canal)

F>M

55
Q

mnemonic for femoral canal contents

A

NAVEL

N= femoral nerve

A= femoral artery

V= femoral vein

E= emplty space (femoral canal)

L= Lymph nodes

56
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

femoral triangle structures leave distally (at the base) and burrow beneath muscles to create canal

AKA Hunter’s canal

57
Q

How does adductor canal reach popliteal fossa?

A

Passes through adductor hiatus within tendon of adductor magnus

Emerges posterior to knee

58
Q

Adductor canal serves a role in which name change?

A

(Anterior) Femoral artery –> (posterior) Popliteal artery

59
Q

When does anterior femoral artery –> posterior popliteal artery name change occur?

A

Adductor hiatus

60
Q

Adductor canal contents

A

femoral artery & vein

saphenous nerve

nerve to vastus medialis

61
Q

Why is it called Hunter’s canal?

A

John Hunter ligated the femoral artery in adductor canal to treat popliteal artery aneurysms

62
Q

Where does lumbar plexus nerves emerge?

A

Through psoas major

On posterior abdominal wall

63
Q

2 major nerves of lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

obturator nerve

64
Q

Lumbar plexus roots

A

T12-L5

65
Q

Where in the femoral triangle to femoral hernias occur

A

Posterior and inferior to the inguinal ligaments

Femoral hernias are more comon in women

66
Q

Which LN is this

A

Inguinal group

67
Q

What muscles attach to the greater trochanter of femur

A

Gluteus medius & mimimus

Piriformis

Obturator internus & externus

68
Q

What muscles attach to the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

Psoas major

Illiacus

69
Q

What muscles attach to the ischial tuberosity

A

Adductor magus

Hammys

70
Q

Where does the rectus femoris originate

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

71
Q

What musscles attach to the ischial spine

A

Gemellus

Levator ani

Coccygeus

72
Q

What are the 3 borders of the adductor (hunters) canal

A

Medial -> sartorius

Lateral -> vastus medialis

Posterior (apex) -> adductor longus

73
Q
A

AANATOMY (20 decks)

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