Back & spine Flashcards
What spine movements does the anterior and posters longitudinal ligaments prevent?
Anterior -> hyperextension
Posterior -> hyperflexion
What are the 5 ligaments of the spine?
Anteior longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Ligamentum flavum
Intraspinatous
Supraspinatous
What movements occur due to unilateral and bilateral flexion of the erector spinae muscles?
Uinlateral -> lateral flexion
Bilateral -> extension
What connects the spinous proces to the vertebral body and do the transverse process
Verterbal body -> pedicle
Transverse process -> lamina
What vertebrae is this
Atlas
What vertebrae is this and what is a characteristic part of it
Axis
What are the joints between the:
Atlas and occipital bone
(atlanto-occipital joint)
Atlas and axis
(atlanto-axial joint)
Atlas and occipital bone -> synovial condylar
Atlas and axis -> synovial pivot
What type of joint is an intervertebral disc and what are it’s functions
Secondary cartilagionus
Functions
Shock absorption
Stability
Allows spinal movement
What are some of the differences between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Cervical
Bicuspid spinous process
Bicupsid transveres process
Transeverse foramen
Thoracic
Rib facets
Spinous processes are long and project inferiorly
Lumbar
Large vertebral body
Spinous processes are short and project posteriorly
From superficial to deep, what are the layers of the meninges
Dura -> arachnoid -> pia
Where does the spinal cord end in children and adults
Children -> L3/L4
Adults -> L1/L2
From superior to inferior, what is the order of conus medullaris, cauda equina and filum terminale
Conus medullaris -> Cauda equina -> Filum terminale
At each spinal level, what leaves through the intevertebral foramen?
A pair of Spinal nerves
What is the conus medullaris?
Conical enlargement of the spinal cord, before it terminates
What is the cauda equina
A branch of spinal nerves given off by the spinal cord when it terminates
What is the filum terminale
Strand of pia matter continuing inferiorly to insert into the coccyx
What are the following cross sections of the spinal cord
Red-> cervical
Yellow-> thoracic
Blue-> lumbar
Green-> sacral
Which are the ventral and dorsal roots
Blue -> dorsal root
Red -> ventral root
