Lower limb 4 Flashcards
upper medial border of popliteal fossa is made up of what muscle
semimembranosus
upper lateral border of popliteal fossa is made up of what muscle
biceps femoris
inferior boundary of popliteal fossa is made up of what muscle
gastrocnemius (lateral ane medial head)
6 contents of popliteal fossa
- fat
- popliteal LN
- popliteal vein
- popliteal artery
- common fibular nerve
- tibial nerve
division of posterior leg
superficial and deep
Superficial posterior leg muscle
Gastrocnemius
(the gastroc baby)
Innervation of gastrocnemius
Tibial nerve
Function of plantaris
Proprioception
Weak plantarflexion
Order of posterior leg structures passing behind medial malleolus
Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry
Tom= tibialis posteior
Dick= flexor digitorum longus
And= posterior tibial artery
Very= posteior tibial vein
Nervous= tibial nerve
Harry= flexor hallucis longus
(tom is most anterior, harry is most posterior)
Muscle beneath gastrocnemius
Soleus
Innervation of posterior leg
Tibial nerve
Arterial supply to posterior compartment
Posterior tibial artery
4 muscles of deep posterior leg
tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
Popliteus
Popliteus action on knee
Unlocks
Weakly flexion
Deep posterior leg muscles action on toes and ankle
Flexion
What joints do eversion and inversion occur?
Subtalar joints
What aspect of the foot are the layers of foot muscles located and how may layers are there?
On the plantar aspscet (intrsinic)
4
(the muscles on the dorsal aspect are extrisnic, which inlude extensor halluisc longus and extensor digitorum brevis)
Layer 1 of foot muscles
abductor hallicus
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi
Layer 2 of foot muscles
flexor hallicus longus
quadratus plantae
flexor digitorum longus
lumbricals
Nerves and arteries in layer 2 of foot muscles
nerves: lateral & medial plantar nerve
Arteries: lateral & medial plantar arteries (branch from posterior tibial artery)
2 terminal branches of tibial nerve innervating intrinsic foot muscles
Medial and lateral plantar nerve
2 terminal branches of posterior tibial artery supplying foot
medial and lateral plantar artery
Function of foot arches
Distribute body weight
Shock absorption
What resists the force drawing navicular and calcaneus apart?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
(AKA sping ligament)
passive factors that maintain the foot arch
shape of bones
plantar aponeurosis
long & short plantar ligament
dynamic factors that maintain the the integrity of the foot arch
intrinsic muscles of foot
long flexor tendons
tibilais anterior
fibularis longus tendon
What are the extrisnic muscles of the foot and on what aspect are they located?
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Located on the dorsal aspect
What are these 2 nerve that supply cutaneous innervation of the sole of the foot
Purple -> saphenous nerve
Red -> sural nerve
What is the name of this fracture shown on the x-ray and what is fractured
Potts fracture
Fractured:
medial & lateral malleoli
Distal fibula
On what movements are ankle sprains most likely to occur?
Plantarflexion
Inversion
Weight-bearing
What common clinical issues can affect the planar apponerosis
Plantar fascitis
