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AANATOMY > Lower limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic girdle and the joints that are anteior and posterior do it

A

Bony ring consisting of sacrum and hip bones

joined anteriorly -> pubic symphysis

joined posteriorly -> sacro-illiac joints

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2
Q

Which sciatic foramen do structures enter & leave the pelvis

A

greater

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3
Q

which sciatic foramen for structures entering &leaving perineum

A

lesser

ENTER AND LEAVE THE…

PELVIS -> GREATER SCIATIC FORMAEN

PERINEUM -> LESSER SCIATIC FORAMEN

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4
Q

How many layers of gluteal muscles?

A

2

superficial and deep

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5
Q

4 muscles of superficial layer of gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

TFL

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6
Q

4 muscles of deep layer of gluteal muscles

A

piriformis

obturator internus

superior and inferior gemelli

quadratus femoris

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7
Q

What is fascial lata?

A

deep fascia of the thigh

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8
Q

2 muscles attached to iliotibial tract

A

TFL

gluteus maximus

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9
Q

Actions of gluteus maximus on hip

A

extension

external rotation

Movements of gluteus maximus -> EE

(extenral rotatoin and extension)

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10
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

(L5-S2)

Gluteal muscles innervation

Maximus -> inferior gluteal nerve

Medius & minimus -> superior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

Actions of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and TFL at the hip

A

Abduction

Medial rotation

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12
Q

Innervation of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and TFL

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L4 -> S1)

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13
Q

Deep layer of gluteal muscles action on hip

A

Stabilisation

Lateral rotation

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14
Q

Anterior to which muscle is sacral plexus found?

(sciatic nerve is a branch of the sacral plexus)

A

Piriformis

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15
Q

Sacral plexus is formed by what?

A

Ventral rami of L4-S4

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16
Q

2 main branches of sacral plexus

A

sciatic

pudendal

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17
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk formed by?

A

Union of L4 & L5

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18
Q

Superior gluteal nerve roots

A

L4-S1

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19
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve roots

A

L5-S2

20
Q

2 branches of sciatic nerve

A

common fibular

tibial

21
Q

How many heads does biceps femoris have?

A

2

(bi=2, ceps= heads)

22
Q

the hamstrings are made up of

A

biceps femoris

semitendinous

semimembranosus

23
Q

action of hamstrings on knee and hip

A

hip -> extension

knee -> flexion

24
Q

Which nerve innervates posterior thigh muscles?

A

Sciatic

25
Q

Knee joint type

A

Synovial (compound) hinge

26
Q

Movements at knee joint

A

flexion & extension

small active & passive rotation

27
Q

Articular surfaces of knee

A

medial and lateral condyles of femur

tibia

posterior surface of patella

28
Q

Most important muscle to stabilise knee joint

A

Quadriceps femoris

29
Q

Ligaments of knee are thickening of what?

A

Joint capsule

30
Q

Knee’s lateral collateral ligament (LCL) attachments

A

lateral epicondyle of femur

fibula head

31
Q

What muscle separates LCL and lateral meniscus?

A

Popliteal muscle

32
Q

Knee’s medial collateral ligament (MCL) attachments

A

medial epicondyle of femur

medial surface of tibia

33
Q

Is MCL attached to medial meniscus?

A

It is indeed

Attaches at the medial meniscus’ midpoint

(can cause that ‘unhappy triad’ injury as a tear to the MCL tears the medial menisucs which also damages the ACL)

34
Q

MCL and medial meniscus attachment importance

A

Damage to MCL can tear medial meniscus

(which can damage the ACL, leading to the ‘unhappy triad’)

35
Q

2 things the ACL prevents

A

Hyperextension of knee

Femur slipping posteriorly on tibia

(anterior sag test and all that jazz)

36
Q

Why is ACL prone to injury and poor to repair?

A

Poor blood supply

37
Q

What does the PCL prevent

A

Femur sliding anteriorly on tibia

38
Q

Main functions of menisci

A

Deepen surface

Shock absorption

39
Q

“unhappy triad”

A

most injuries are lateral direction load on MCL which is attaches to medial meniscus

both MCL and medial meniscus tear

Puts load on ACL which tears -> it also tears :(

40
Q

Prepatellar bursitis is also known as

A

Housemaids knee

41
Q

Which bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee?

A

Suprapatellar

42
Q

What is Hilton’s law

A

The nerves supplying the joint capsule also supply the muscles regulating the movement of the joint and the skin surroudning it

43
Q

What artery surrounds the neck of the femur

A

Medial & lateral circumflex femoral artery

44
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for the femoral pulse

A

Midinguinal point

45
Q

What nerve is related to the head of the fibula

A

Common fibular nerve

46
Q

What are these nerves

A

Blue -> Femoral nerve

Red -> Obturator nerve

AANATOMY (20 decks)

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