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Path 1 > Third quiz #3 > Flashcards

Third quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of places susceptible to ionizing radiation (4) these are known as the labile tissues

A

bone marrow
reproductive cells
mucous membrane
GI tract

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2
Q

Ionizing radiation destroys nuclear material which inhibits _____

A

DNA replication

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3
Q

____ is usually the result of ionozing radiation

A

Leukemia(CAT scan in children)

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4
Q

____ & ____ muscle is not sensitive to ionizing radiation

A

Skeletal, heart

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5
Q

CD4 receptor cells include _____ cells or macrophages

A

T4 helper

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6
Q

Viruses are ____ because they are much smaller than a cell

A

intracellular

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7
Q

_____ virus is attracted to the nervous system and crawls along the nervous fiber

A

rabies

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8
Q

Loss of function in Greek is _____, Galen named it such

A

functio laesa

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9
Q

After the passing of the pre-capillary ____ begins the only place in the body where the exchange between interstitial fluid and blood

A

sphincter

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10
Q

Only at the _____ and ______ is where the exchange takes place, thus it it also the same place _____ takes place

A

capillaries, post-capillaries, inflammation

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11
Q

The capillaries have a _____ and endothelial cells with _____ between

A

basement membrane, gaps

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12
Q

_____ work like transports, exchange between blood and tissue

A

Pinocyte vesicles

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13
Q

Tissues without _____ cannot become inflamed

A

blood vessels

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14
Q

If the skin is cut, vessels immediately ____ but then _____ in order to inflame the area

A

vasoconstrict, vasodilate

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15
Q

_____ is an excess of blood in a body part, an engorgement, it is a passive vascular process of inflammation

A

Hyperemia

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16
Q

When the proteins escape, it _____ the osmotic pressure in the tissue and pulls more liquid with it

A

increases

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17
Q

When damage occurs, the endothelial cells of the capillaries contract leaving gaps that _____ can escape into the tissue

A

proteins

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18
Q

Escape of some formed elements in the blood into tissue is called _____

A

exudates

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19
Q

Exudate has a specific gravity of ____ or higher, transudates have a specific gravity of _____

A

1.02, 1.012

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20
Q

During a workout, ____ (just liquid, not proteins, etc) leave the blood and go into tissue slightly swelling them making you look ripped.

A

transudates

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21
Q

Formed elements always flow at the ____ of the vessel. This reduces ____ on vessel walls. This is called _____ blood flow

A

center, friction, laminar(axial)

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22
Q

_____ are normally on the periphery of the formed elements

A

Platelets and RBC’s

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23
Q

_____ is when damage leads to interruption of the axial blood flow because the RBC’s start to clump together and migrate towards the center

A

Margination

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24
Q

WBC’s are in the periphery closest to the endothelial cells, when there is damage, the endothelial cells become ____ (have receptors for WBC’s) and adhere to the leukocytes and the endothelial cell surface, this is called _____

A

sticky, pavementing

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25
Q

Leukocyte emigration takes place only in the _____, the leukocytes are attached to the receptors and crawl like caterpillars to a gap between endothelial cells, it squeezes itself out of the gap usually taking _____ minutes

A

post capillary venules, 10

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26
Q

Inflammation depends on the character of the _____

A

exudate

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27
Q

____ inflammation is the mildest

A

Serous

28
Q

fluid - 2nd degree burn

- 1st day in common cold

A

Only _____ escapes into the tissue in serous inflammation. Examples (2)

29
Q

____ inflammation will have fibrin in the exudates. Example:

A

Fibrinous, Rheumatic Pericarditis

30
Q

Fibrin is a normal protein in the ____

A

blood

31
Q

_____ is when there is exudate in the pericardial space

A

Pericarditis

32
Q

In Pericarditis, the exudate has lots of fibrinogen which get changed to fibrin strands that attach to the pericardium, which is _____ and causes _____

A

irreversible, bruits

33
Q

_____ inflammation is an acute type of exudate inflammation where WBC’s in the exudate produce enzymes which causes _____ of the tissues which results in pus formation

A

Suppurative(purulent), liquefaction

34
Q

_____ is diffuse suppurative inflammation(widespread)

A

Cellulitis

35
Q

Localized suppurative inflammation is a(n) _____ that develops when an agent of injury cannot be quickly neutralized.

A

abscess

36
Q

____ should always be removed from an abscess

A

fluid

37
Q

_____ accumulate at the site of damage in high concentration. When inflammation occurs, the amount of ____ increases, this dilutes the concentration of the toxins in the damaged area

A

Toxins, fluid

38
Q

____ creates mechanical pressure of ______, which creates pain

A

Swelling, nocioceptors

39
Q

Also, substances arising from the injury stimulate the pain through ____

A

chemoreceptors

40
Q

Inflammation promotes _____

A

phagocytosis

41
Q

_____ is the passive escape of RBC’s from the vessels at the area of damage

A

Diapedesis

42
Q

Neutophils attack ____ infection, Eosinophils attack ____ infection

A

bacterial, parasitic,

43
Q

Monocytes attack ____ infection, lymphocytes attack ____ infection,

A

bacterial, viral

44
Q

____ is an outpouring of large amounts of WBC from the blood

A

Leukocyte emigratiom

45
Q

Cells that participate in Leukocyte emigration (2)

A

neutrophils

monocytes/macrophages

46
Q

There are 7-8 times more _____ that are released than _____

A

neutrophils, monocytes

47
Q

The maximum amount of ___ is 24 hours after the injury, then the steadily decrease in number. ___ keep increasing in numbers as time goes on

A

neutrophils, Monocytes

48
Q

Without _____, people have no immune response

A

macrophages

49
Q

____ transfer antigen to immuno-competent cells

A

Macrophages

50
Q

A _____ is a tumor or growth accompanied by macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells that are trying to contain the cancerous bodies, they are trying to contain it because they are unable to destroy it.

A

granuloma

51
Q

WBC that are granulated (3)

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

52
Q

Neutrophils make up _____ %

A

55-60%

53
Q

Lymphocytes make up _____ %

A

20-25%

54
Q

Monocytes make up _____ %

A

4-8%

55
Q

Eosinophils make up _____ %

A

2-4%

56
Q

Basophils make up _____ %

A

0.5-1%

57
Q

____ arrive first at the site of inflammation, ____ arrive second

A

Neutrophils, Monocytes

58
Q

____ arrive first at the site of inflammation, ____ arrive second

A

Neutrophils, Monocytes

59
Q

Stages of phagocytosis (4)

A

Recognition and attachment
engulfing
indigestion
exocytosis

60
Q

Recognition and attachment, the attraction of phagocyte to inflammation is by ____

A

chemotaxis

61
Q

Engulfing uses _____ and the formation of _____

A

pseudopods, vesicles

62
Q

____ is an antibody like substance in neutrophils

A

Defensins

63
Q

Enzymes are oxygen _____

A

independent

64
Q

Anions produce _____ and are found in the _____ of phagocytic cells

A

free radicals, granules

65
Q

Hydrogen peroxide kill bacteria by releasing _____ and mechanically by _____

A

oxygen, bubbling

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