Path Bleeding disorders Flashcards
overproduction of corticosteroids from adrenal
cortex
Cushing’s Syndrome brittle blood vessels, severe osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes,high BP
o Prolonged steroid medication use can have symptoms similar to
Cushing’s, easy bruising
bruises > 2 cm
Ecchymoses
– larger than a pinpoint, but < 2 cm
Purpura
– leak of blood into cavities o
Hematoma
Rupture of middle meningeal artery
epidural hematoma
Thrombocytopenia
Normal amount of platelets in blood: 250,000 – 300,000
< 140,000 = prone to hemorrhage
Petechial or purpural rashes are typical—needs to be less than 2 cm
no platelet activation cannot form platelet plug
hemorrhagic gastroduodenitis— balck stool
Von Willebrand’s Disease
– increased amount of blood lost during menstruation
menorrhagia (related to von willebrand’s)
serious
disorder manifested usually from uterus cancer, which results in
loss of blood between menstruation periods
metrorrhagia/not related to Von W
non-production of certain protein clotting factors
Hemophilia
Hemophilia genetics
mother to son X chromosome (skips a generation)
nonproduction of CF 8 viii
Hemophilia A
nonproduction of CF 9
Christmas disease/Hemophilia B
Hemoarthritis
Trauma leads to blood in joint spaces, esp. Knee joint
Iron released from heme into blood destroys the joint cartilage
Hemodynamic Disorders
Disorders that arise from interruptions in normal blood flow
platelet activation and platelet aggregation
without threat of blood loss or vascular damage; platelet plug without blood clot
Thrombosis
always originates from a vascular wall and always maintains point of contact with the vascular wall through von Willebrand factorplatelet
activaton and platelet aggregation
Thrombus
Thrombus in the arterial system
Dense and strong , firm and small (fast)
Thrombus in the venous system
Loose and weak , loose and large (slow)
represent a special type of thrombi characterized by visible and
microscopic laminations produced by alternating layers: pale layer composed of
platelets mixed with fibrin and dark layer composed of RBCs
Lines of Zahn
lines of Zahn + thrombi can be found
heart/aorta(mitral stenosis)
factors predisposing to thrombosis
Endothelial damage
Hypertension- increase resistance of the vascular wall to the fluid. Serious factor
that promotes endothelial damage.
Iatrogenic thrombosis
medically induces endothelial damage via syringes.
Decreased rate of flow causes a disruption in axial blood flow by
platelets flow closer to the vessel wall
decreased rate of blood flow caused by
cardiac damage
increased blood viscosity
