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Second quiz Flashcards

1
Q

____ is accumulation of glass like protein

A

Hyaline change aka hyalinization

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2
Q

Intracellular hyaline (4)

A

reabsorption droplets
dutcher bodies
russell bodies
mallory bodies

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3
Q

Reabsorption droplets cause _____. ______ is a reabsorption droplets disease now known as minimal change disease, and is reversible

A

proteinuria, Lipoid nephrosis

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4
Q

______ has intracytoplasmic inclusions(protein in cytoplasm) of immunoglobins when patient has Lymphoplasmic Lymphoma

A

Russell bodies

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5
Q

______ are intranuclear inclusions(protein in the nucleus)

A

Dutcher bodies

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6
Q

Mallory alcoholic hyaline aka mallory bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions that accumulate in ______ in alcoholics

A

hepatocytes

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7
Q

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma is anything other than _____ immunoglobins

A

IgM

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8
Q

Waldenstron Macroglobulinemia involves ____ immunoglobins and is a lymphoma due to a monoclonal tumor from ___ overproduction. ___ and ___ are commonly seen in this cancer.

A

IgM, B-cell, dutcher, russel bodies

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9
Q

______ are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell

A

Monoclonal antibodies(tubules)

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10
Q

______ is aka plasma cell myeloma

A

Multiple myoloma

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11
Q

Multiple myoloma involve _____ immunoglobins

A

IgG

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12
Q

_____ is the most common bone malignant tumor in adults, especially in the spine

A

Multiple myoloma

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13
Q

Both Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma & Waldenstron Macroglobulinemia are ___ over production and increase the ___ of the blood

A

B-cell, viscosity

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14
Q

_____ is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma

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15
Q

Extracellular Hyaline (2)

A

Hyalinization in arterioles

amyloidosis

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16
Q

Hyalinization in arterioles is caused by long term _____ or ______

A

hypertension, diabetes mellitus

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17
Q

Hyalinization in arterioles makes the arterioles brittle and/or obstructs the lumen, which could lead to (2)

A

stroke(intracerebral or ischemic)

nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney)

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18
Q

amyloidosis is the deposits of amyloid in _____ & _____

A

organs, tissues

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19
Q

Amyloid is a generic term for a variety of proteins that are abnormally deposited, can be a complication of _____ disorders, and is usually found in (4)

A 
autoimmune, 
kidney
heart
brain
liver
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20
Q

______ is an adaptive response to cell changes

A

Alternative metabolism(os phos, glycolysis)

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21
Q

_____ is due to minimal load on vertebral column

A

Spinal osteoporosis

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22
Q

______ is due to viral damage on anterior horn of spinal cord

A

Poliomyelitis

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23
Q

In ______, antibodies block the receptors on the thyroid gland from _____ causing atrophy

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, TSH

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24
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditisis the most common cause of ______. The antibodies attack the ____ and block them.

A

hypothytroidism, TSH receptors

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25
Q

Nerves control all metabolic actions of the body. Loss of neurons means the loss of _____ function

A

trophic

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26
Q

In Grave’s disease, the antibodies bind to the receptors and permanently _____ them. Signs of Grave’s disease is _____ and ____

A

stimulate, exopthalamus, toxic Goiter

27
Q

If cell is damaged and the ____ is intact it still has a chance to recover

A

nuclear envelope

28
Q

_____ are most susceptible to osteoporosis, ____ are least

A

Blond white women, black women

29
Q

After 25-30 years old, we lose ____% of bone tissue per year

A

0.7%

30
Q

_____ is the only way to build bone, has to be between _____ years of age

A

Gravity(weights), 10-30

31
Q

____ blocks macrophages from turning into osteoclasts

A

Estrogen

32
Q

____ are the coilings resembling the whorled pattern

A

Myelin figures

33
Q

_____ is the bulging of cytoplasm of an injured cell

A

Blebs

34
Q

1-2 blebs is ____, more is _____

A

reversible, irreversible

35
Q

Dispersion of _____ is another sign of cell damage

A

ribosomes

36
Q

The destruction of the ______ is the most important sign of irreversible changes

A

nucleus

37
Q

Irreversible change, _____ becomes more permeable.

A

cell membrane

38
Q

______ is the fragmentation of the nucleus. ___ is the dissolution(melting) of the nucleus. ____ is the condensation(shrinking) of the nucleus

A

Karyorrhexis, karyolysis, pkynosis

39
Q

____ is the death of cells or tissues through injury or diabetes, especially in a localized area

A

necrosis

40
Q

When a cell is lethally injured, ____ release enzymes into the cytosol, phagocytes help as well

A

lysosomes

41
Q

____ promotes elimination of necrotic cell thus promotes healing

A

Cell digestion

42
Q

______ implies preservation of basic outline of the cell for a span of at least some days

A

Coagulative necrosis

43
Q

Things that happen in Coagulative necrosis (3)

A

denaturation of cytoplasm protein
breakdown of cell organelles
cell swelling

44
Q

Coagulative necrosis is very important because it prevents _____ from being damaged. Example of this benefit is in _____

A

tissue, myocardial infarction

45
Q

____ is a zone of necrosis caused by a deficiency of oxygen

A

Infarct

46
Q

____ infarct develops in single blood vessel supply, ____ infarct develops in tissue with at least 2 blood vessels

A

white(heart), red(lungs, liver)

47
Q

____ necrosis is the complete digestion of the dead cell

A

Liquefactive

48
Q

___ necrosis is common in nervous tissue because of the lack of collagen fibers. Example is ____

A

Liquefactive , stroke

49
Q

____ necrosis (“cheese-like”) is amorphous granular debris and composed of fragmented, coagulated cells

A

Caseous

50
Q

Caseous necrosis is seen in ______ & _____

A

TB, leprosy

51
Q

TB can involve any part of the body but ____ & ____

A

hair, nails

52
Q

____ is a chronic bacterial infection that causes nerve damage

A

Leprosy

53
Q

______ necrosis develops only with syphilis

A

Gummatous

54
Q

Damage of the posterior horn of the spinal cord in the tertiary period(the most dangerous stage) of syphilis is called ____

A

tabes dorsalis

55
Q

______ is damage of the brain in the tertiary period of syphilis and occurs in the ____

A

General paresis of insane(paralytic dementia), gray matter

56
Q

Zenker’s necrosis is severe glassy or waxy necrosis of ____ in acute infectious diseases

A

skeletal muscles

57
Q

Zenker’s necrosis is found in _____ & ____

A

typhoid, snake bites

58
Q

Fat necrosis of adipose tissue aka _____, characterized by formation of _____ when fat is hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids

A

steatonecrosis, calcium soaps

59
Q

____, is an example of steatonecrosis, is when gall bladder stones block ducts which leads to the degradation(necrosis) of the organ

A

Pancreonecrosis

60
Q

_____ necrosis occurs in the walls of blood vessels when endothelial cells are injured and dying. Example:

A

Fibrinoid, rheumatic fever

61
Q

_____ in heart muscle occur in rheumatic myocarditis(not rheumatic fever)

A

Aschoff’s nodes

62
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis is common in ______

A

immunopathologies

63
Q

rheumatic myocarditis, a fibrinoid necrosis, develops ____, that are seen in intermuscular connective tissue surrounding the inflammatory cells

A

Aschoff’s nodes

64
Q

Intercellular deposition is dangerous and can obstruct the lumen of small vessels that can cause tissue necrosis resulting in ____

A

lacunar infarction(stroke)

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