Second quiz Flashcards
____ is accumulation of glass like protein
Hyaline change aka hyalinization
Intracellular hyaline (4)
reabsorption droplets
dutcher bodies
russell bodies
mallory bodies
Reabsorption droplets cause _____. ______ is a reabsorption droplets disease now known as minimal change disease, and is reversible
proteinuria, Lipoid nephrosis
______ has intracytoplasmic inclusions(protein in cytoplasm) of immunoglobins when patient has Lymphoplasmic Lymphoma
Russell bodies
______ are intranuclear inclusions(protein in the nucleus)
Dutcher bodies
Mallory alcoholic hyaline aka mallory bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions that accumulate in ______ in alcoholics
hepatocytes
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma is anything other than _____ immunoglobins
IgM
Waldenstron Macroglobulinemia involves ____ immunoglobins and is a lymphoma due to a monoclonal tumor from ___ overproduction. ___ and ___ are commonly seen in this cancer.
IgM, B-cell, dutcher, russel bodies
______ are monospecific antibodies that are the same because they are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell
Monoclonal antibodies(tubules)
______ is aka plasma cell myeloma
Multiple myoloma
Multiple myoloma involve _____ immunoglobins
IgG
_____ is the most common bone malignant tumor in adults, especially in the spine
Multiple myoloma
Both Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma & Waldenstron Macroglobulinemia are ___ over production and increase the ___ of the blood
B-cell, viscosity
_____ is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma
Extracellular Hyaline (2)
Hyalinization in arterioles
amyloidosis
Hyalinization in arterioles is caused by long term _____ or ______
hypertension, diabetes mellitus
Hyalinization in arterioles makes the arterioles brittle and/or obstructs the lumen, which could lead to (2)
stroke(intracerebral or ischemic)
nephrosclerosis (hardening of the kidney)
amyloidosis is the deposits of amyloid in _____ & _____
organs, tissues
Amyloid is a generic term for a variety of proteins that are abnormally deposited, can be a complication of _____ disorders, and is usually found in (4)
autoimmune, kidney heart brain liver
______ is an adaptive response to cell changes
Alternative metabolism(os phos, glycolysis)
_____ is due to minimal load on vertebral column
Spinal osteoporosis
______ is due to viral damage on anterior horn of spinal cord
Poliomyelitis
In ______, antibodies block the receptors on the thyroid gland from _____ causing atrophy
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, TSH
Hashimoto’s thyroiditisis the most common cause of ______. The antibodies attack the ____ and block them.
hypothytroidism, TSH receptors
Nerves control all metabolic actions of the body. Loss of neurons means the loss of _____ function
trophic
In Grave’s disease, the antibodies bind to the receptors and permanently _____ them. Signs of Grave’s disease is _____ and ____
stimulate, exopthalamus, toxic Goiter
If cell is damaged and the ____ is intact it still has a chance to recover
nuclear envelope
_____ are most susceptible to osteoporosis, ____ are least
Blond white women, black women
After 25-30 years old, we lose ____% of bone tissue per year
0.7%
_____ is the only way to build bone, has to be between _____ years of age
Gravity(weights), 10-30
____ blocks macrophages from turning into osteoclasts
Estrogen
____ are the coilings resembling the whorled pattern
Myelin figures
_____ is the bulging of cytoplasm of an injured cell
Blebs
1-2 blebs is ____, more is _____
reversible, irreversible
Dispersion of _____ is another sign of cell damage
ribosomes
The destruction of the ______ is the most important sign of irreversible changes
nucleus
Irreversible change, _____ becomes more permeable.
cell membrane
______ is the fragmentation of the nucleus. ___ is the dissolution(melting) of the nucleus. ____ is the condensation(shrinking) of the nucleus
Karyorrhexis, karyolysis, pkynosis
____ is the death of cells or tissues through injury or diabetes, especially in a localized area
necrosis
When a cell is lethally injured, ____ release enzymes into the cytosol, phagocytes help as well
lysosomes
____ promotes elimination of necrotic cell thus promotes healing
Cell digestion
______ implies preservation of basic outline of the cell for a span of at least some days
Coagulative necrosis
Things that happen in Coagulative necrosis (3)
denaturation of cytoplasm protein
breakdown of cell organelles
cell swelling
Coagulative necrosis is very important because it prevents _____ from being damaged. Example of this benefit is in _____
tissue, myocardial infarction
____ is a zone of necrosis caused by a deficiency of oxygen
Infarct
____ infarct develops in single blood vessel supply, ____ infarct develops in tissue with at least 2 blood vessels
white(heart), red(lungs, liver)
____ necrosis is the complete digestion of the dead cell
Liquefactive
___ necrosis is common in nervous tissue because of the lack of collagen fibers. Example is ____
Liquefactive , stroke
____ necrosis (“cheese-like”) is amorphous granular debris and composed of fragmented, coagulated cells
Caseous
Caseous necrosis is seen in ______ & _____
TB, leprosy
TB can involve any part of the body but ____ & ____
hair, nails
____ is a chronic bacterial infection that causes nerve damage
Leprosy
______ necrosis develops only with syphilis
Gummatous
Damage of the posterior horn of the spinal cord in the tertiary period(the most dangerous stage) of syphilis is called ____
tabes dorsalis
______ is damage of the brain in the tertiary period of syphilis and occurs in the ____
General paresis of insane(paralytic dementia), gray matter
Zenker’s necrosis is severe glassy or waxy necrosis of ____ in acute infectious diseases
skeletal muscles
Zenker’s necrosis is found in _____ & ____
typhoid, snake bites
Fat necrosis of adipose tissue aka _____, characterized by formation of _____ when fat is hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids
steatonecrosis, calcium soaps
____, is an example of steatonecrosis, is when gall bladder stones block ducts which leads to the degradation(necrosis) of the organ
Pancreonecrosis
_____ necrosis occurs in the walls of blood vessels when endothelial cells are injured and dying. Example:
Fibrinoid, rheumatic fever
_____ in heart muscle occur in rheumatic myocarditis(not rheumatic fever)
Aschoff’s nodes
Fibrinoid necrosis is common in ______
immunopathologies
rheumatic myocarditis, a fibrinoid necrosis, develops ____, that are seen in intermuscular connective tissue surrounding the inflammatory cells
Aschoff’s nodes
Intercellular deposition is dangerous and can obstruct the lumen of small vessels that can cause tissue necrosis resulting in ____
lacunar infarction(stroke)
