Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path 1 > Third quiz #2 > Flashcards

Third quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Exogenous pigments (2)

A

coal

tattoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Miners inhale coal dust, coats bronchioles, lungs, gets into lymph nodes that causes (2)

A

anthracosis

coal workers pneumoconiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pneumoconiosis means pathology in the lungs caused by ___ after inhaling some particles

A

scarring(fibrosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

____ is the most common pathological pigment

A

coal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endogenous pigment(3)

A

Melanin
hemosiderin
Copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Only normal black pigment in the body is _____

A

melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ is a black pigment but is is pathologica

A

Homogentisic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ accumulates in tissues where there is a local or systemic excess of iron and represents large aggregates of _____

A

Hemosiderin, ferretin micelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_____ is associated with deposition of hemosiderin in organs and tissues and causes a systemic overload in iron. The ____ of theses tissues is not effected and can change the ____ of the organ

A

Hemosiderosis, function, pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____ is up to 50 grams of iron in the body (____ grams is normal) and causes damage to the pancreas and liver

A

Hemochromatosis, 2-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hemochromatosis is aka ____

A

primary hemochromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hemochromatosis involves an increase absorption of iron in the ____ and is 7:1 more prevalent in ____

A

GI tract, males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary hemochromatosis can occur because of a (4

A

blood transfusion, malaria, hemolytic anemia, Bantu siderosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Iron increases the production of ____

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

There is a ____ times more chance of liver cancer if you have hemochromatosis

A

20x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Liver cirrhosis happens because of stimulation of ____ formation by ____

A

scar tissue, iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the pancreas, iron kills the islets resulting in _____

A

diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Iron can interfere with DNA, and any interference to DNA causes _____, so hemochromatosis can cause _____

A

neoplasm(tumor, growth), hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ is a secondary hemochromatosis that derives from drinking alcoholic beverages that have been stored in iron barrels

A

Bantu siderosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bantu siderosis symptoms (6)

A 
abdominal pain
hyperpigmentation of the skin
hepatomegaly
arrhythmia
liver cirrhosis
diabetes mellitus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hemochromatosis can cause ____, which is the lysis of RBC’s

A

hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Excess Copper is called _____ disease, aka _____

A

Wilson’s disease, hepatolenticular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Normally, Copper gets absorbed, goes to ____, binds to _____ forming ceruloplasmin which goes into blood, then goes back to _____ to be excreted with _____

A

liver, Alpha 2 globulin, liver, bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Wilson’s disease, the _____ does not leave the liver. To determine the Copper levels in the body we test for ____ levels

A

ceruloplasmin, ceruloplasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In Wilson’s disease, the first place to be affected is the ____, second is the ____, and third place is the_____

A

liver, brain, eyes

26
Q

In the liver, excess copper causes _____. In the brain it acts on the _____ in the midbrain which regulates motor function, creating ____-like effects

A

liver fibrosis, putamen nucleus(midbrain ganglia), parkinson

27
Q

The deposit of Copper in the ____ of the cornea is called ______

A

limbus, Kayser-Fleisher rings

28
Q

Treatmnet of Wilson’s disease is to use ____, is dangerous because of ____ effects that inhibit cell replication

A

D-penicillamine, cytolytic

29
Q

___ is a form of coagulative necrosis and characterized by the presence of noxious products of anaerobic bacterial metabolism

A

Gangrene

30
Q

____ is a condition when coagulation is sustained, _____is when phagocytic cells break down the necrotic debris and produce some liquefaction

A

Dry gangrene, Wet gangrene

31
Q

____ is the lack of blood supply to a tissue

A

Ischemia

32
Q

Dry gangrene is similar to _____

A

coagulative necrosis

33
Q

Dry gangrene can occur in distal parts of the finger with _____. Wet gangrene in the distal parts of the fingers in ______

A

systemic sclerosis aka scleroderma, polyarteritis nedosa

34
Q

______ is gangrene of the blood vessel lining that has decreased blood flow to areas normally supplied by affected vessels, leads to naked bones

A

Polyarteritis nedosa

35
Q

This dry gangrene disease in smokers results in ateries and nerves being obstructed

A

Thromboangitis obliteran

36
Q

Thromboangitis obliterans is aka _____

A

Buerger’s disease

37
Q

Wet gangrene can have these 2 anaerobic bacteria present

A

Clostridium perfringes, bacillus fusiformis

38
Q

____ is bacterial infection that produces gases within tissue, usually caused by anaerobic bacteria (2)

A

Gas gangrene

clostridium perfringes, streptococci

39
Q

Gangrene is used to descibe necrosis of the ____ and _____ only

A

extremities, intestine(small usually)

40
Q

Having ____ can also develop wet gangrene due to excess pressure reducing blood flow causing cell death

A

bed sores

41
Q

Types of dystrophic calcification (4)

A

Ghon’s focus, Systemic sclerosis, rheumatic fever, atherosclerosis


42
Q

____ is the deposition of calcium salt into necrotic tissue and may or may not be associated with hypercalcemia

A

Dystrophic calcification

43
Q

An example of dystrophic calcification is when TB results in caseous necrosis, the bacteria is surrounded by the body’s defense called ____ which gets calcified by dystrophic calcification. This is a sign that the TB has been killed.

A

Ghon’s focus(aka primary tuberculosis complex)

44
Q

Atheroma is necrotic accumulation, builds up calcium deposits, which causes _____. Systemic sclerodoma(systemic sclerosis), is the overactivity of ____ that produce excess connective tissue. In the skin of the hand it causes a condition known as _____

A

atherosclerosis, fibroblasts, sclerodactyl(claw like hands)

45
Q

______ involves the calcification of necrotic aortic valves

A

Rheumatic heart disease (Rheumatic fever)

46
Q

_____ is the deposition of calcium into normal tissue(ex: kidney stones) and _____ is usually needed for it to happen. It turns tissue to necrotic or atrophic.

A

Metastatic calcification, hypercalcemia

47
Q

causes of metastatic calcification (5)

A 
increased secretion of PTH
destruction of bone
Vit D related disorders
sarcoidosis
renal failure
48
Q

Destruction of bone(3)

A

accelerated turnover
immobilization
tumors

49
Q

With destruction of bone, accelerated turnover is called _____

A

Paget’s disease

50
Q

Immobilization results in ____

A

osteoporosis

51
Q

Tumors (3)

A

multiple myeloma
leukemia
multiple skeletal metastasis

52
Q

Vitamin ___ increases absorption of calcium

A

D

53
Q

Renal failure occurs in ____

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism

54
Q

____ is a pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated intracellular program in which cells destined to die activate enzymes that degrade the cell’s own DNA

A

Apoptosis

55
Q

Normal apoptosis (3)

A
  • programmed cell death during embryogenesis
  • hormone dependent involution (menstruation)
  • cell death induced by cytotoxic T-cells(to combat virus/cancer cells)
56
Q

Abnormal apoptosis (2)

A
  • cell injury in certain viral diseases

- death of neutrophils in acute inflammatory response

57
Q

___ is most susceptible to ischemia, followed by ___. The ____ is not very susceptible to ishemia

A

Brain, myocardium, liver

58
Q

Other areas susceptible to ishemia (3)

A

kidneys
spleen
lung

59
Q

The brain requires ____% of the body’s O₂ supply

A

20%

60
Q

Tissues with a high mitosis rate are susceptible to _____

A

ionizing radiation

Path 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions