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first quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Pathos-Greek means _____

Logos-Greek means _____

A

Suffering

Study

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2
Q

______ means the cause of a disease

A

Etiology

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3
Q

_____ means the cause is unknown

A

Idiopathic

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4
Q

Examples of Idiopathic diseases(3)

A

Ankylosing spondylitis
Hyperostosis(Fusing of ALL)
DISH(Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) Aka Forestier’s disease

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5
Q

Acute cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder and is caused by a(n) ____ infection

A

E. coli(Gram-)

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6
Q

Categories of etiology (3)

A

congenital
genetic
acquired

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7
Q

When an individual’s genes are responsible for some structural or functional defect it is called _____ etiology

A

genetic

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8
Q

Examples of genetic etiology (3)

A

Huntingtons chorea/disease
Trisomy 21
Cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

Huntington’s results in _____, which is a bizarre, dance like motions with the hands. Other symptoms are (3)

A

chorea

  • Dementia
  • Striatal nuclei
  • Atrophy of the neurons
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10
Q

There is a higher chance of development of trisomy 21 if the parents are ______

A

older

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11
Q

When the genetic information is intact, but other factors in the embryo’s intrauterine environment interfere with normal development it is classified as _____ etiology

A

congenital

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12
Q

______ effect is an abnormality producing effect. ___ is an agent that causes physical abnormality in developing embryo of fetus.

A

Teratogenic, teratogen

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13
Q

Examples of congenital etiology (4)

A
  • Toxoplasma gondi
  • Alcohol fetal syndrome
  • Thalidomide(a medication)
  • Rubella
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14
Q

If pregnant woman is infected with rubella, there is a(n) _____% chance of teratogenic effect happening

A

100%

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15
Q

Examples of acquired etiology (3)

A
  • Herpes Zoster
  • Bullous emphysema
  • Folliculitis
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16
Q

_____ involves the distention of alveoli and rupture of alveolar walls and also has lung consolidation.

A

Bullous emphysema

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17
Q

Folliculitis is from these bacteria (2) and can result in a brain abscess

A

staph aureus and strep pyogenes

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18
Q

_____ is a subjective finding, _____ is an objective finding

A

Symptom, sign

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19
Q

____ is combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease

A

syndrome

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20
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome will have ____ and which will create a _____ color pattern

A

vasoconstriction of peripheral arteries, white then blue then red

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21
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome is predominantly a(n) _____ disorder and may be a manifestation of (3)

A

vaso-constriction

system sclerosis
immunohemolytic anemia
smoking

22
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome is autoimmune damage to ____ which results in ____ which weakens the body’s first line of defense

A

exocrine glands, drying of mucous membranes

23
Q

_____ is drying of the mouth and is due to inflammation of the ____ gland

A

Xerostoma, sublingual

24
Q

_____ is drying of the eye and is due to the inflammation of the ____ gland

A

Xerophthalmia, lacrimal



25
Q

______ is inflammation of the parotid gland and causes hamster like appearance

A

parotitis

26
Q

_____ disease has a short duration (7-10 days), quick onset, and severe symptoms

A

Acute

27
Q

_____ disease lasts for more than 6 weeks, could have insidious(hidden) onset

A

chronic

28
Q

Subacute disease lasts between 10 days to 6 weeks. _____ is an example

A

Bacterial endocardititis

29
Q

_____ is the mechanism, or pattern, of development of a particular disease

A

Pathogeneis

30
Q

_____ disease is confined to one region of the body

A

local

31
Q

Local disease can either be ____ damage or _____ damage

A

focal, diffuse

32
Q

With _____ damage, the damage is limited to one or more distant sites within a diseased organ

A

focal

33
Q

With _____ damage, the damage is distributed uniformly within the organ

A

diffuse

34
Q

When local diseases become systemic (2)

A

cancer metastasizing

TB in lungs(bacteria could spread to other organs)

35
Q

____ is the identification of the patients specific disease

A

diagnosis

36
Q

_____ is the prediction(theory) of the outcome of the disease

A

prognosis

37
Q

Ways cell injury occurs (3)

A

deficiency
intoxication
trauma

38
Q

____ is the lack of substance necessary for a cell

A

deficiency

39
Q

______ deficiency is the lack of specific components in food

A

primary nutrient

40
Q

Examples of primary nutrient deficiency

  • lack of Vit B₃ _____
  • lack of Vitamin C _____
  • Lack of Vitamin B₁(thiamin) _____
A

Pellagra(inflammation of the skin i.e. casel’s necklace dermatitis)
scurvy
beriberi

41
Q

______ deficiency is the components are in the food, but cannot be absorbed

A

Secondary nutrient

42
Q

_____ results from the fact that vitamin B₁₂ cannot be absorbed without ____. In this condition the body doesn’t produce enough intrinsic factor

A 
Pernicious anemia (malignant anemia), intrinsic factor
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43
Q

_____ can result in improper production of enzymes that make cellular metabolism not normal

A

Genetic defects

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44
Q

_____ is poisoning, toxins, or the presence of a substance that interferes with cell function

A

Intoxication

45
Q

____ is something that interferes with the cell structure

A

Trauma

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46
Q

Toxins can either be _____ toxins, which is produced inside the body, or _____ toxins, which enter the body from the outside

A

endogenous, exogenous

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47
Q

Examples of Exogenous toxins (3)

A

Infection
Chemical
Overdose of medications or artificial vitamins
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48
Q

Infection can happen from food contamination with the toxins secreted by bacteria (3)

A

botulism
salmonellosis
bacteriological weapon

49
Q

Chemical exogenous toxins (2)

A

CCl₄(carbon tetrachloride, bad for hepatocytes)
alcohol


50
Q

Endogenous toxins (3)

A 
Genetic
Ionizing radiation
accumulation of metabolic by products
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Path 1 (14 decks)

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