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Biology On Steroids > Thermodynamics And Enzyme Kinetics > Flashcards

Thermodynamics And Enzyme Kinetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does delta G quantify?

A

How much work is being achieved
Delta G = Free E of Products - Free E of Reactants

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2
Q

What does a decrease in free energy correspond to?

A

Increase in entropy in the universe

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3
Q

What reactions can happen on their own? Delta G >0 or <0

A

<0, less than zero

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4
Q

What are reactions with a G < 0 called?

A

Spontaneous

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5
Q

What are spontaneous reactions ALSO called?

A

Exergonic, can occur on its own

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6
Q

What are reactions with a delta G greater than 0 called?

A

Endergonic, cannot occur on their own

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7
Q

What is the delta G of a reaction with reactant and product concentrations reach equilibrium?

A

0

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8
Q

What usually gives energy to endergonic reactions?

A

The energy released from ATP hydrolysis

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9
Q

What do catalysts do?

A

Increase rate of reaction by decreasing the activation free energy and are not consumed in the rxn

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10
Q

Where do substrates bind on an enzyme?

A

Active site

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11
Q

What is the catalytic cycle reaction?

A

S + E -> <- ES -> <- P + E

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12
Q

What is v0?

A

The initial velocity of a reaction

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13
Q

What is Michaelis-Menten Kinetics?

A

Neglecting the reverse reaction and assuming [S] is constant

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14
Q

What is the Michaelis-Menten Kinetics equation?

A

V0 = Vmax [S]/ Km + [S]

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15
Q

What are the x and y axis of Michaelis menten kinetics?

A

X-axis: [S]
Y-axis: Vmax

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16
Q

What does Vmax depend on?

A

Reaction rate constants and enzyme concentration

17
Q

What is Km?

A

The michaelis constant, the value of [S] at which the rate is equal to 1/2 Vmax

18
Q

What is the Michaelis equation when there is a LOW substrate concentration?

A

Km + [S] basically equals Km

v0=Vmax[S]/Km

19
Q

What is the Michaelis equation when there is an INTERMEDIATE [S]?

A

same as before, v0 = vmax[s]/km+[s]

20
Q

When [S]=Km, what is v0?

A

1/2 Vmax

21
Q

When substrate is HUGE, what is v0?

A

Vmax

22
Q

As Enzyme total increases, what happens to Vmax?

A

It Increases

23
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor?

A

An inhibitor that either binds directly to the active site or binds to the enzyme on another part and blocks the active site

24
Q

Does competitive inhibition affect Vmax?

A

Yes, it decreases the more inhibitor there is

25
Q

Will Km be affected competitive inhibition?

A

Yes, it increases

26
Q

What is a non competitive inhibitor?

A

An inhibitor that that doesn’t compete with substrate but also doesn’t allow it to complete the reaction

27
Q

Does noncompetitive inhibition affect Vmax?

A

Yes it decreases it

28
Q

Does noncompetitive inhibition affect Km?

A

No

29
Q

What is noncompetitive inhibition the same as?

A

Removing enzyme

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