(google) Translation Flashcards
When translation usually start in prokaryotes?
Before transcription even finishes
What are multiple ribosomes attached to a single mRNA called?
Polyribosome (polysome)
Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
Cytosol
What do aminoacyl tRNA synthetases do?
Adding amino acids to tRNAs (“charging the tRNA”)
What is a tRNA combined with its corresponding amino acid called?
Aminoacyl tRNA
What molecule is needed for tRNA charging?
ATP
What is wobble?
The base pairing in the third position is variable and could potentially work for different tRNAs
Which subunit in a ribosome contains rRNA?
The small ribosomal unit
Which subunit in the ribosome is where peptide bonds form?
Large
In bacteria, what precedes the start codon?
A sequence in the RNA called a ribosome binding site
What are two things involved with for translation in bacteria? (Kind of like activators)
Initiation factors and GTP hydrolysis
What are the 3 steps of the initiation phase in bacteria?
- Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
- F-met binds to start codon (eukaryotes just use met)
- Large subunit binds to form complete ribosome
What happens in the elongation phase?
Peptide bonds form betweeen amino acids attached to tRNAs in the P and A sites, E sites they’re ejected
What is translocation? What is required to complete this process?
The ribosome moves along the mRNA 3 bases at a time and tRNAs continuously move into the P site, GTP hydrolysis
What happens during the termination phase?
The A site encounters a stop codon which allows a protein called a release factor to enter the A site and break the bond between the tRNA and the P site, setting the polypeptide free
