Poopulation Genetics Flashcards
What is evolution?
Change in genotype frequencies over time
What is a locus?
Place on a chromosome where a gene is located
What is an allele?
The DNA at a particular locus
What is the frequency of allele p or q in a population? (Think the math)
F(A/A) + F(A/a)/2
What is hardy weinberg equilibrium?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What does hardy Weinberg assume?
Random mating, infinite population size, no mutation, no migration, and no selection
If the frequency of each allele (A1A2) is 1/2, what are the odds of keeping both alleles after t generations?
1/2^t
What will happen to allele frequencies if there are no new mutations?
Eventually one will fix
What is a population bottleneck?
Singling out a segment of the population (prob via natural disaster) which decreases genetic variation
What is positive selection?
An allele is favored
What is purifying selection?
Removing deleterious alleles
What is balancing selection?
Favors heterozygous to maintain diversity
What is a haplotype?
A combination of alleles on a single chromosomes
What is linkage equilibrium?
Association between alleles is random and there is equal chance for each possible haplotype
What is linkage disequilibrium?
Not random associated alleles (ex. You can have AB Ab and ab but not aB)
