DNA Studies Flashcards
What are the components of nucleic acids?
5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
What is the difference in the sugar between RNA and DNA?
Ribose and Deoxyribose: 2’ carbon on ribose has an OH while 2’ carbon on deoxyribose has an H
What charge is DNA and RNA?
Negative
What does the “sugar-phosphate backbone” refer to?
Alternating phosphates and sugars which is highly negative
What did the Hershey-Chase experiment prove?
DNA is genetic material
In the Hershey-Chase experiment, was the radioactive Phosphate or radioactive Sulfur found within the bacterium?
Radioactive Phosphate
What are the two grooves on DNA?
Minor (the short one) and major (longer one)
How many hydrogen bonds are between A-T?
2
How many hydrogen bonds are in a C-G bond?
3
What is a purine? What are the two purines?
A base with the six member ring and a pentagon ring. Adenine and guanine.
What is a pyrimidine? What are the two pyrimidines?
A six member ring base. Cytosine and thymine.
What difference does the OH make on the RNA as opposed to DNA?
It makes it less stable and much more reactive
What are enzyme-like RNAs called?
Ribozymes
What is a common structure observed with single strand RNA?
Hairpin
What structure is found at the 3’ end on DNA/RNA?
OH group
What structure is found at the 5’ end?
Phosphate group
Is DNA replication semiconservative, conservative, or dispersive?
Semiconservative
What did the Meselson-Stahl Experiment prove?
DNA is semiconservative
How did the Meselson-Stahl Experiment work?
Parent strand was heavy, all the nucleotides added were light and all the follow up generations were weights correlated with the new strand being light.
What prime end are nucleotides added to on a newly synthesized strand?
3’ end
What is a dNTP?
Deoxyribonucloside triphosphate (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, dGTP)
How many origins of replication do eukaryotes have (it’s not an actual number)? How many origins of replication do prokaryotes have?
Eu: Many
Pro: One
