Cell Breathing

Question 1

What is the net equation of Glycolysis?

Answer 1

Glucose + 2 ATP -> 2 pyruvate + 4 ATP

Question 2

What step of glycolysis does G3P first appear in?

Answer 2

Step 4 (cleavage step)

Question 3

What are the first 5 steps of glycolysis called?

Answer 3

Preparatory phase

Question 4

What is the net cost of the preparatory phase?

Answer 4

2 ATP

Question 5

What does Step 6 of glycolysis require? It’s two things

Answer 5

NAD+ (turns into NADH) and Pi

Question 6

What step does the first ATP (made from an ADP) appear?

Answer 6

Step 7 (dephosphorylation)

Question 7

When does the last ATP appear? (Keep in mind its 2 per G3P)

Answer 7

Step 10 (second dephosphorylation)

Question 8

What else is the result of step 10 of glycolysis besides ATP?

Answer 8

Pyruvate

Question 9

What is the net gain of glycolysis?

Answer 9

2 ATP and 2 pyruvate

Question 10

Does glycolysis require oxygen? What is that called?

Answer 10

No, anaerobic

Question 11

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 11

Mitochondria

Question 12

Where does the pyruvate from glycolysis go?

Answer 12

The mitochondrial matrix

Question 13

What does pyruvate join with in the mitochondrial matrix? To form what?

Answer 13

Coenzyme A, they form acetyl-CoA

Question 14

What is the net gain of 2 acetyl-coA being put into the TCA cycle?

Answer 14

6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP

Question 15

How many steps are in the TCA cycle?

Answer 15

8

Question 16

What are molecules needed for the TCA cycle?

Answer 16

• Water
• NAD+
• Pi
• 2 acetyl coA
• FAD

Question 17

What are the 3 parts of cellular respiration?

Answer 17

Glycolysis, TCA, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

Each component of the electron transport chain has a ___ affinity for electrons than the last

Answer 18

Higher

Question 19

What is the creation of ATP called from the TCA and glycolysis?

Answer 19

Substrate level phosphorylation (direct transfer of Pi)

Question 20

How do electrons enter the electron transport chain?

Answer 20

NADH and FADH2 oxidation

Question 21

Where are protons pumped from in the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

In the mitochondrial matrix into the inter membrane space

Question 22

How many H+’s are pumped per e- pair from NADH?

Answer 22

10 H+

Question 23

How many H+ are pumped from each pair from FADH2?

Answer 23

6 H+

Question 24

What is bound to complex 2 in the ETC? What is complex 2 called?

Answer 24

FAD/FADH2

Succinct dehydrogenase

Question 25

How does the movement of electrons power ETC?

Answer 25

The electrons give up free energy

Question 26

What does ATP Synthase use to make ATP from ADP?

Answer 26

The free energy stored in the echem gradient

Question 27

What are the two components of ATP synthase?

Answer 27

F0 - Entrance for H+ and spins when it comes in F1 - Has the ring with 3 catalytic sites that makes ADP into ATP (bottom half)

Question 28

How much does the rotor spin per H+?

Answer 28

1/10 which means it takes 10 H+ to make one full turn

Question 29

How much ATP does one full turn make?

Answer 29

3 ATP

Question 30

What is the max yield of aerobic respiration per glucose?

Answer 30

38 ATPs

Question 31

What is the maximum ATP yield from oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 31

34 ATP

Question 32

What happens to the TCA cycle when there is no oxygen?

Answer 32

It starts fermentation

Question 33

What happens for oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 33

No proton gradient can be pumped, it stops

Question 34

What does an uncoupled do?

Answer 34

Gives H+ another way to get in which decreases ATP synthesis but increases O2 consumption and oxidation of NADH and FADH2

Question 35

Where does electron transport and the proton pump occur in prokaryotes?

Answer 35

Plasma membrane

Question 36

Why is glucose a good source of free energy?

Answer 36

It is a highly exergonic process

Question 37

How many carbons are in a pyruvate?

Answer 37

3 carbons

Question 38

What is the more complex equation of glycolysis?

Answer 38

Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi

Question 39

What much ATP is needed for the preparatory phase and what are the results of the preparatory phase?

Answer 39

2 ATP 2 G3P + 2 ADP

Question 40

What do kinases do?

Answer 40

Transfer Pi’s of course

Question 41

What does the second phase of glycolysis generate?

Answer 41

NADH and ATP

Question 42

What is the equation of the second phase of glycolysis?

Answer 42

G3P + NAD+ + ADP + Pi -> 3PG + NADH + H+ + ATP

Question 43

Is NAD+ an electron acceptor or donator?

Answer 43

Acceptor

Question 44

What is NADH?

Answer 44

A coenzyme that REDUCES other compounds which means it DONATES electrons

Question 45

What does the third phase of glycolysis generate?

Answer 45

Pyruvate and ATP

Question 46

What is the equation of the third phase of glycolysis?

Answer 46

3 PG + ADP -> Pyruvate + ATP

Question 47

What are the two fermentations called?

Answer 47

Lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation

Question 48

What is the main purpose of fermentation?

Answer 48

Regenerating NAD+

Question 49

How does pyruvate turn into acetyl coA?

Answer 49

PDH oxidizes it

Question 50

What does the TCA cycle release?

Answer 50

2 CO2 per turn

Question 51

What can inhibit the TCA cycle?

Answer 51

ATP and citrate

Question 52

What can amplify the TCA cycle?

Answer 52

AMP